Simultaneous recovery of ferulic acid and sugars from wheat bran enzymatic hydrolysate by diananofiltration

A new strategy for joint separation of ferulic acid (FA) and sugars from enzymatic hydrolysate of wheat bran was evaluated. Nanofiltration membranes with molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) in the range 150\u2013800 g mol 121 were studied. Among them, NTR7450 and NTR7470 (Hydranautics) with MWCO between 600 and 800 g mol 121 allowed ferulic acid to be retained and sugars to permeate provided operating pH was maintained at pH > 7 and ideally pH 9. In this condition, the negative charge of the membranes and the full ionization of FA conjugate to allow FA retention by electrostatic effects whereas pore size is large enough to allow sugars to permeate. Retentions obtained on model hydrolysate at 10 bar were 85% for FA and 20% for xylose. When processing real hydrolysate, however, sugar retention was more than 40%. During diafiltration, pH decrease in the retentate was observed. Manual addition of concentrated NaOH did not allow to counterbalance completely this decrease and to ensure the optimal pH of 9 in the retentate. This led to a significative increase in sugar retention, and consequently, sugar removal in the retentate reached only 56% for a diafiltration factor Vd of 4.5. These observations were supported by a diafiltration model with variable retention

Microstructural study of the NbC to G-phase transformation in HP-Nb alloys

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A Prospective, Real-World, Multinational Study of Naloxegol for Patients with Cancer Pain Diagnosed with Opioid-Induced Constipation—The NACASY Study

The Naloxegol Cancer Study (NACASY) was a multinational European study aimed to evaluate the 4-week safety and efficacy of naloxegol in a real-world setting in patients with cancer pain diagnosed with opioid-induced constipation. The primary safety endpoint was the incidence of adverse events leading to study discontinuation. We recruited 170 patients who received at least one dose of naloxegol (i.e., safety population). Out of 170 patients, 20 (11.8%, 95%CI 6.9–16.6) discontinued the study due to adverse events, and, of them, 12 (7.1%, 95%CI 3.2–10.9%) were study discontinuations due to naloxegol-related adverse events. From 76 patients subjects who had completed both 4 weeks of treatment and 28 days of the diary, 55 patients (72.4%, 95% CI 62.3–82.4%) were regarded as responders (i.e., showed ≥3 bowel-movements per week and an increase of ≥1 bowel-movement over baseline) to naloxegol treatment. The Patient Assessment of Constipation— Quality of Life Questionnaire total score and all its subscales improved from baseline to 4 weeks of follow up. Our findings support and provide new evidence about the beneficial effect of naloxegol in terms of improvement of constipation and quality-of-life in patients with cancer-related pain and opioid-induced constipation and show a safety profile consistent with previous pivotal and real-world studies. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland