Modulation de l'incorporation de la 5-[¹²⁵I]-iodo-2'-désoxyuridine dans des glioblastomes

L'utilisation clinique de la 5-iodo-2'-désoxyuridine (IdUrd) radiomarquée est entravée par sa dégradation biologique rapide et son faible taux d'incorporation dans la tumeur. Ce travail avait donc pour but d'étudier "in vitro" et dans des souris xénogreffées, différents moyens pour augmenter l'incorporation et la cytotoxicité de la [¹²⁵I]IdUrd dans trois lignées humaines de glioblastomes. Les résultats ont montré qu'une administration de 5-fluoro-2'-désoxyuridine (FdUrd), de IdUrd non-marquée ou d'un mélange spécifique de désoxyribonucléosides permettait d'augmenter substantiellement "in vitro" l'incorporation de [¹²⁵I]IdUrd dans l'ADN de trois lignées de glioblastomes. Plus particulièrement, la IdUrd augmentait la cytotoxicité de la [¹²⁵I]IdUrd, alors que la FdUrd améliorait la scintigraphie avec la [¹²⁵I]IdUrd en augmentant son incorporation sélective dans la tumeur par rapport aux tissus sains. En conclusion, ces résultats ont permis d'envisager de nouvelles stratégies pour l'utilisation clinique de la IdUrd radiomarquée. Ils sont actuellement suivis par une étude scintigraphique sur des patients atteints de glioblastomes

Angiogenesis as a potential target of pharmaconutrients in cancer therapy

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this review is to provide insight into tumor angiogenesis inhibition by pharmaconutrients through description of the most relevant and recent findings in cancer research. RECENT FINDINGS: Cancer growth needs oxygen and nutrients supplied through blood vessels to the tumor site. New vessel formation named angiogenesis can be prevented to avoid cancer invasion. Epidemiological studies suggested that specific food intakes could decrease incidence of many cancers. Recently, scientists were interested in the potential antitumor effects of nutrients because of their safety and general acceptance. Many excellent publications demonstrated that a large class of natural compounds including pharmaconutrients exhibits antitumoral activities in selected cancer types. This review focuses on the antiangiogenic role of natural products in cancer treatment, used alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy. SUMMARY: There is strong evidence that natural diets influence cancer development by modulating signaling pathways. Our goal is to highlight the specific impact of specific nutrients in the modulation of vascular network leading to tumor angiogenesis inhibition

Le jeûne dans la santé et pendant la maladie

Fasting, intermittent or continuous, religious or therapeutic, is knowing a growing craze. Despite few randomized controlled studies, therapeutic fasting is prescribed in various chronic diseases, as diabetes, hypertension and also cancer. Fasting is applied to lose weight in overweight and obese patients. However, weight loss is often associated with fat-free mass loss. Chronic caloric restriction has been associated with longevity in animal studies, while it has been poorly studied in humans to date. Good quality studies are needed to better understand the effects of fasting on health and diseases

Assessment of ascorbic acid stability in different multilayered parenteral nutrition bags: critical influence of the bag wall material

The recent development of multilayered bags has minimized ascorbic acid oxidation in parenteral nutrition (PN) admixtures. However, the gas-barrier property of multilayered bags depends on their plastic material. This study compared ascorbic acid stability in different multilayered bags under experimental conditions

Role of polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipid peroxidation on colorectal cancer risk and treatments

The review aims at elucidating the role of lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and treatment

Colon cancer therapy: new perspectives of nutritional manipulations using polyunsaturated fatty acids

Recent advances in the development of new therapeutic strategies combining conventional adjuvant radio/chemotherapy with nutritional manipulations with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are presented

Advancing from immunonutrition to a pharmaconutrition: a gigantic challenge

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review presents some difficulties encountered to develop and translate immunonutrition into clinical practice, and suggests moving forward to a pharmaconutrition approach. RECENT FINDINGS: Immunonutrition suffers from inconclusive and contradictory data due to the design of many of experiments and clinical studies conducted so far. The concept of a single immunonutrient formula applicable to various types of patients has also contributed to leave the medical world in a state of uncertainty. We propose to move forward to the concept of pharmaconutrition where a disease-dedicated nutrition therapy is developed following a rigorous step-by-step procedure. Nutrients are selected according to their pharmacological properties and after an in-depth evaluation of their biological interactions when mixed together. The optimum administration schedule (i.e. dose, route, timing and duration) of the new formulae is then determined in well conducted projective clinical trials where it is administered apart from the standard nutrition to ensure full delivery of the expected doses. SUMMARY: This review suggests moving forward to a pharmaconutrition approach where a rigorous step-by-step procedure would allow overcoming of the difficulties encountered to translate immunonutrition into clinical practice

Alimentation et activité physique: cibles d'action pour la prévention des cancers

The links between nutrition and cancer onset are now well established by epidemiological studies. The scientific evidence is presented in a report of the World Cancer Research Foundation (WCRF). Protective factors towards overall cancer risk are fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity. Overweight and obesity, intakes of alcoholic beverage, fat, salt, high temperature cooked and processed red meat, increase cancer risk. In addition, beta-carotene systematic supplementation could increase lung cancer risk in smokers. As optimal controlling of these risk factors can decrease cancer mortality by 25%, nutritional counselling must be integrated in the global strategy of primary and secondary prevention of cancers

Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as adjuvant in cancer therapy

Background & aims: Green tea catechins, especially epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), have been associated with cancer prevention and treatment. This has resulted in an increased number of studies evaluating the effects derived from the use of this compound in combination with chemo/radiotherapy. This review aims at compiling latest literature on this subject. Methods: Keywords including EGCG, cancer, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and side effects, were searched using PubMed and ScienceDirect databases to identify, analyze, and summarize the research literature on this topic. Most of the studies on this subject up to date are preclinical. Relevance of the findings, impact factor, and date of publication were critical parameters for the studies to be included in the review. Results: Additive and synergistic effects of EGCG when combined with conventional cancer therapies have been proposed, and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities have been related to amelioration of cancer therapy side effects. However, antagonistic interactions with certain anticancer drugs might limit its clinical use. Conclusions: The use of EGCG could enhance the effect of conventional cancer therapies through additive or synergistic effects as well as through amelioration of deleterious side effects. Further research, especially at the clinical level, is needed to ascertain the potential role of EGCG as adjuvant in cancer therap