Papel de las Proteínas y los Aminoácidos en el Metabolismo y la Función Deportiva

RESUMEN Hasta el momento no existe evidencia sobre requerimientos radicalmente diferentes al resto de la población, para los individuos atletas o deportistas. Se recomiendan consumo de carbohidratos entre un 55 y 58%, de grasas entre un 25 y 30% y de proteínas entre 12 y 15% del requerimiento energético total. La diferencia fundamental radica en los requerimientos calóricos, dados principalmente por el gasto energético propio del entrenamiento y la competencia, pero también por incrementos en la tasa metabólica basal y por elevación del gasto energético en los períodos de reposo post ejercicio. El mercadeo de suplementos nutricionales y ayudas ergogénicas se ha convertido en un negocio multinacional con mínimos controles y restricciones y ha contribuido a desorientar el adecuado maneja nutricional de los deportistas. Los requerimientos conocidos de altos contenidos de carbohidratos (7-8 g/kg/día), proteínas (1.7 g/kg/día) y lípidos están contenidos fácilmente en una dieta balanceada de 4000 kcal/ día. Por el contrario, si la dieta es menor a las 2000 kcal/día es difícil mantener las demandas de macro y micronutrientes para el deportista. El exceso de aporte proteico puede tener efectos negativos para la función renal y no se recomienda el uso de suplementos proteicos o de aminoácidos distintos a una alimentación balanceada acorde con los requerimientos energéticos. Salud UIS 2002; 34: 38-42Palabras clave: Proteínas, Actividad física, Ejercicio, Metabolismo, Nutrición. ABSTRACT There is no evidence about nutritional requirements for athletes and sportsmen to be different to the rest of population. It is recommended the consumption of 55-58% of carbohydrates, 25-30% of fat and 12-15% of proteins of the total energy requirement. The main difference resides on caloric requirements, given by training and competition energetic waste, but also by increasing basal metabolic rate and by elevation of energetic waste in post excercising rest. Marketing of nutritional supplements and ergogenic aids has become in a multinational business with minimal controls and restrictions and it has contributed to disorient the appropriate nutritional handling of the sportsmen. Well-known requirements of high contents of carbohydrates (7-8 g/kg/day), proteins (1.7 g/kg/day) and lipids are contained easily in a balanced diet of 4000 kcal/day. In the other hand} if diet is lower that 2000 kcal/day is hard to maintain demands of macro and micronutrients for athletes. Excess of proteic contribution may give negatives effects on renal function and the use of proteical or amino acids supplements is not recommended, just a balanced feeding in agreement with the energetic requirements. Salud UIS 2002; 34: 38-42Key words: Proteins, Physical activity, Exercise, Metabolism, Nutrition

Importancia del Ejercicio en el Manejo del Sobrepeso y la Obesidad

RESUMEN La presente revisión busca brindar a los lectores un análisis crítico de la literatura disponible sobre el papel de la actividad física en el manejo integral de la obesidad. Los hallazgos presentados en la literatura fueron agrupados en cuatro aspectos fundamentales: modificaciones en la composición corporal, cambios metabólicos, hipertensión arterial y prescripción del ejercicio incluyendo un resumen de recomendaciones concretas para la práctica de la actividad física basadas en la literatura y la experiencia del autor. Se concluye con base en la literatura actual que la actividad física hace parte fundamental de la prevención y el manejo del sobrepeso y la obesidad- Los trabajos mencionados muestran una especial importancia del ejercicio en la estabilización del peso corporal después de una reducción inicial, gracias a una menor reducción en el metabolismo basal, mejor oxidación de las grasas y un balance energético favorable. Adicionalmente el ejercicio logra modificar significativamente factores de riesgo cardiovascular como la resistencia a la insulina, la dislipidemia y la hipertensión arterial favoreciendo así una menor morbilidad y mortalidad del paciente obeso. Salud UIS 2002; 34: 43-57Palabras Clave: Obesidad, Sobrepeso, Ejercicio, Actividad física, Composición corporal, Metabolismo energético, Factores de riesgo cardiovascular, Resistencia a la insulina, Hipertensión arterial. ABSTRACT The purpose of (his review is to present our readers a critical analysis of the literature about the role of physical activity in the management of obesity. The information was summarized and grouped according to its relevance into four fundamental aspects; body composition and metabolic changes, hypertension and exercise prescription, including a brief summary of the main recommendations for the practice of physical activity according to the current literature and the authors experience. It is concluded that physical activity remains a central strategy for prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity. A special importance of exercise is documented for maintaining a stable weight after initial weight reductions, due to a minimal reduction of resting metabolic rate, increased fat oxidation and a favorable energy balance. Additionally, exercise reduces important cardiovas­cular risk factors like insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension, improving the morbidity and mortality of the obese patient. Salud UIS 2002; 34: 43-57Key words: Obesity, Overweight, Exercise, Physical activity, Body composition, Energy metabolism, Cardiovascular risk factors, Insulin resistance, Hypertension

Por que escrever sobre atividade física em uma revista de nutrição?

¿Por qué escribir sobre actividad física en una revista de nutrición

Envejecimiento renal, enfermedad cardiovascular y actividad física

-

Health-related fitness in medical students:a curricular intervention in Bogota, Colombia

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a curricular intervention to promote health-related fitness (HRF) among medical students in Bogota, Colombia.Method: The study was conducted between May 2014 and December 2015 as part of the medical physiology course, in which 208 medical students were enrolled.The curricular intervention included two lectures on physical activity (PA) and student-led group presentations on the physiological effects of exercise on human physiology. An academic incentive (10% of final grade) was given to students who reported and documented regular PA practice during the semester. This study assessed students’ HRF variables, perceptions of the curriculum intervention, and PA practices using quantitative and qualitative approaches.Results: 55% of the students were female, with a mean age of 19.5 years. Body fat, estimated maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), handgrip, and sit-up strength showed statistically significant improvements at the end of the intervention. Students reported that PA practice was positively influenced by the curriculum intervention, particularly the academic incentive and the HRF tests. Students reported a wide variety of PA practices, which were mainly done with friends, classmates, or family members. Lack of time was the main reported barrier to PA practice.Conclusion: The curricular intervention was effective in improving HRF and promoting PA. It remains to be investigated whether these gains are sustained over time

Should they play outside? cardiorespiratory fitness and air pollution among schoolchildren in bogotá

Objective This study was aimed at comparing cardiorespiratory fitness (CF), measured asVO2max, amongst school children exposed to varying levels of particulate matter (PM10), and air pollution in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods This was a cross-sectional study; it involved 1,045 children aged 7-12 attending four public schools served by different public transit routes and systems. Three schools were classified as being highly polluted (HP) and one slightly polluted (SP). The children and their parents were surveyed to collect data regarding their socio-demographic characteristics, physical activity habits and respiratory disease background. Objective measurements of weight and height were used to calculate the body mass index. VO2max was estimated using the 20-meter shuttle-run test, previously validated for Bogotá. Spirometry was performed on 435 children.Results After adjustment for covariates, no difference was found inVO2max between children attending SP or HP schools (girls SP 45.8 ml/kg/min cf HP 44.6 ml/kg/min, p=0.11;boys SP 47.2 ml/kg/min cf HP 48.2 ml/kg/min, p=0.41).Conclusions VO2max levels did not differ amongst children attending schools exposed to high compared to low levels of air pollution and PM. A longitudinal study assessing children’s VO2max levels in relation to exposure to highly-polluted areas is warranted.AbstractBackground: Promoting physical activity among children is important for disease prevention. However in Latin America there is uncertainty on the health implications of recommending physical activity to children in highly polluted environments. Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the cardiorespiratory fitness measured asVO2max among children attending schools exposed to varying levels of particulate matter (PM10), and air pollution in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: The study population consisted of 1045 children aged 7-12 attending four public schools served by different mass transit systems. Schools were classified as low (LP) or highly polluted (HP). VO2max was estimated via the 20-meter shuttle-run test. Analyses were adjusted by socio-demographic characteristics, body mass index, physical activity habits, respiratory diseases history, and lung function tests. Results: After adjustment for covariates, no difference in the VO2max was found   between the children attending LP or HP schools (girls LP: 45.8 ml/kg/min vs. HP 44.6 ml/kg/min; p =0.11, boys LP 47.2 ml/kg/min vs. HP 48. 2 ml/kg/min; p =0.41). Conclusions:  VO2max levels did not differ among children attending schools exposed to high vs. low levels or air pollution and PM. A Longitudinal assessment of children’s   VO2max levels in relation to exposure to highly polluted areas is warranted

The association between Colombian medical students' healthy personal habits and a positive attitude toward preventive counseling: cross-sectional analyses

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Physician-delivered preventive counseling is important for the prevention and management of chronic diseases. Data from the U.S. indicates that medical students with healthy personal habits have a better attitude towards preventive counseling. However, this association and its correlates have not been addressed in rapidly urbanized settings where chronic disease prevention strategies constitute a top public health priority. This study examines the association between personal health practices and attitudes toward preventive counseling among first and fifth-year students from 8 medical schools in Bogotá, Colombia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>During 2006, a total of 661 first- and fifth-year medical students completed a culturally adapted Spanish version of the "Healthy Doctor = Healthy Patient" survey (response rate = 78%). Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between overall personal practices on physical activity, nutrition, weight control, smoking, alcohol use (main exposure variable) and student attitudes toward preventive counseling on these issues (main outcome variable), stratified by year of training and adjusting by gender and medical training-related factors (basic knowledge, perceived adequacy of training and perception of the school's promotion on each healthy habit).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The median age and percentage of females for the first- and fifth-year students were 21 years and 59.5% and 25 years and 65%, respectively. After controlling for gender and medical training-related factors, consumption of ≥ 5 daily servings of fruits and/or vegetables, not being a smoker or binge drinker were associated with a positive attitude toward counseling on nutrition (<it>OR </it>= 4.71; CI = 1.6–14.1; <it>p </it>= 0.006 smoking (<it>OR </it>= 2.62; CI = 1.1–5.9; <it>p </it>= 0.022), and alcohol consumption (<it>OR </it>= 2.61; CI = 1.3–5.4; <it>p </it>= 0.009), respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>As for U.S. physician and medical students, a positive association was found between the personal health habits of Colombian medical students and their corresponding attitudes toward preventive counseling, independent of gender and medial training-related factors. Our findings, the first relating to this association in medical students in developing regions, also suggest that within the medical school context, interventions focused on promoting healthy student lifestyles can potentially improve future physician's attitudes toward preventive counseling.</p

Papel de las Proteínas y los Aminoácidos en el Metabolismo y la Función Deportiva

RESUMEN Hasta el momento no existe evidencia sobre requerimientos radicalmente diferentes al resto de la población, para los individuos atletas o deportistas. Se recomiendan consumo de carbohidratos entre un 55 y 58%, de grasas entre un 25 y 30% y de proteínas entre 12 y 15% del requerimiento energético total. La diferencia fundamental radica en los requerimientos calóricos, dados principalmente por el gasto energético propio del entrenamiento y la competencia, pero también por incrementos en la tasa metabólica basal y por elevación del gasto energético en los períodos de reposo post ejercicio. El mercadeo de suplementos nutricionales y ayudas ergogénicas se ha convertido en un negocio multinacional con mínimos controles y restricciones y ha contribuido a desorientar el adecuado maneja nutricional de los deportistas. Los requerimientos conocidos de altos contenidos de carbohidratos (7-8 g/kg/día), proteínas (1.7 g/kg/día) y lípidos están contenidos fácilmente en una dieta balanceada de 4000 kcal/ día. Por el contrario, si la dieta es menor a las 2000 kcal/día es difícil mantener las demandas de macro y micronutrientes para el deportista. El exceso de aporte proteico puede tener efectos negativos para la función renal y no se recomienda el uso de suplementos proteicos o de aminoácidos distintos a una alimentación balanceada acorde con los requerimientos energéticos. Salud UIS 2002; 34: 38-42Palabras clave: Proteínas, Actividad física, Ejercicio, Metabolismo, Nutrición. ABSTRACT There is no evidence about nutritional requirements for athletes and sportsmen to be different to the rest of population. It is recommended the consumption of 55-58% of carbohydrates, 25-30% of fat and 12-15% of proteins of the total energy requirement. The main difference resides on caloric requirements, given by training and competition energetic waste, but also by increasing basal metabolic rate and by elevation of energetic waste in post excercising rest. Marketing of nutritional supplements and ergogenic aids has become in a multinational business with minimal controls and restrictions and it has contributed to disorient the appropriate nutritional handling of the sportsmen. Well-known requirements of high contents of carbohydrates (7-8 g/kg/day), proteins (1.7 g/kg/day) and lipids are contained easily in a balanced diet of 4000 kcal/day. In the other hand} if diet is lower that 2000 kcal/day is hard to maintain demands of macro and micronutrients for athletes. Excess of proteic contribution may give negatives effects on renal function and the use of proteical or amino acids supplements is not recommended, just a balanced feeding in agreement with the energetic requirements. Salud UIS 2002; 34: 38-42Key words: Proteins, Physical activity, Exercise, Metabolism, Nutrition

Importancia del Ejercicio en el Manejo del Sobrepeso y la Obesidad

RESUMEN La presente revisión busca brindar a los lectores un análisis crítico de la literatura disponible sobre el papel de la actividad física en el manejo integral de la obesidad. Los hallazgos presentados en la literatura fueron agrupados en cuatro aspectos fundamentales: modificaciones en la composición corporal, cambios metabólicos, hipertensión arterial y prescripción del ejercicio incluyendo un resumen de recomendaciones concretas para la práctica de la actividad física basadas en la literatura y la experiencia del autor. Se concluye con base en la literatura actual que la actividad física hace parte fundamental de la prevención y el manejo del sobrepeso y la obesidad- Los trabajos mencionados muestran una especial importancia del ejercicio en la estabilización del peso corporal después de una reducción inicial, gracias a una menor reducción en el metabolismo basal, mejor oxidación de las grasas y un balance energético favorable. Adicionalmente el ejercicio logra modificar significativamente factores de riesgo cardiovascular como la resistencia a la insulina, la dislipidemia y la hipertensión arterial favoreciendo así una menor morbilidad y mortalidad del paciente obeso. Salud UIS 2002; 34: 43-57Palabras Clave: Obesidad, Sobrepeso, Ejercicio, Actividad física, Composición corporal, Metabolismo energético, Factores de riesgo cardiovascular, Resistencia a la insulina, Hipertensión arterial. ABSTRACT The purpose of (his review is to present our readers a critical analysis of the literature about the role of physical activity in the management of obesity. The information was summarized and grouped according to its relevance into four fundamental aspects; body composition and metabolic changes, hypertension and exercise prescription, including a brief summary of the main recommendations for the practice of physical activity according to the current literature and the authors experience. It is concluded that physical activity remains a central strategy for prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity. A special importance of exercise is documented for maintaining a stable weight after initial weight reductions, due to a minimal reduction of resting metabolic rate, increased fat oxidation and a favorable energy balance. Additionally, exercise reduces important cardiovas­cular risk factors like insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension, improving the morbidity and mortality of the obese patient. Salud UIS 2002; 34: 43-57Key words: Obesity, Overweight, Exercise, Physical activity, Body composition, Energy metabolism, Cardiovascular risk factors, Insulin resistance, Hypertension

Factores que influyen en la práctica de actividad física en estudiantes que ingresan a una facultad de medicina en Colombia 2011 – 2017

Introducción: El sedentarismo es una causa importante del desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Existen variables sociodemográficas, así como estilos de vida y una serie de barreras que influyen en la práctica de actividad física de los estudiantes de medicina. Objetivo: Determinar los factores que influyen en la práctica de actividad física en estudiantes que ingresan a una facultad de medicina entre los años 2011 a 2017. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con 700 estudiantes a los cuales se les aplicó un cuestionario que hace parte de un proyecto llamado Médico Saludable – Paciente Saludable; se usaron análisis de regresión logística para evaluar las asociaciones entre la práctica de actividad física, las variables sociodemográficas y los hábitos de los estudiantes. Resultados: El 55,7% de los estudiantes eran sedentarios. Los estudiantes físicamente activos realizaban un promedio de 157 minutos/semana de actividad física moderada (OR= 2,55; IC= 1,80 – 3,62) y 64 minutos/semana de actividad física vigorosa (OR= 5,98; IC= 3,88 – 9,20). Los análisis estadísticos mostraron que los estudiantes identificaron la falta de habilidades (OR= 8,44; IC= 5,35 – 13,32) y la falta de tiempo (OR= 3,49; IC= 2,47 – 4,93) como las principales barreras a la hora de realizar actividad física. Los estudiantes de estrato socioeconómico alto solían ser más activos (OR= 1,866; IC= 1,37 – 2,52). Conclusiones: Existe una fuerte relación entre las barreras percibidas por los estudiantes y el sedentarismo. Las Facultades de medicina deben incluir en sus currículos la promoción de estilos de vida saludables.Introduction: Sedentary lifestyle is an important cause in the development of chronic non-transmissible diseases. There are sociodemographic variables, as well as lifestyles and a series of barriers that influence/ affect the practice of physical activity in medical students. Objectives: Determine the factors that influence the practice of physical activity in students who enter a medical school between the years 2011 to 2017. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with 700 students was taken, a questionnaire was applied that is part of a project called Healthy Doctor - Healthy Patient; The questions related to sociodemographic data, physical activity, and habits. Logistic regression analyzes were used to evaluate the associations between physical activity, sociodemographic variables, and student habits. Results: 55. 7% of the students were sedentary. Physically active students performed an average of 157 minutes / week of moderate physical activity (OR = 2. 55, CI = 1. 80 - 3. 62) and 64 minutes / week of vigorous physical activity (OR = 5. 98; = 3. 88 - 9. 20). The statistical analyzes showed that the students identified the lack of skills (OR = 8. 44, CI = 5. 35 - 13. 32) and the lack of time (OR = 3. 49, CI = 2. 47 - 4. 93). as the main barriers when it comes to physical activity. Students from high socioeconomic status tended to be more active (OR = 1. 866, CI = 1. 37-2. 52). Conclusions: There is a strong relationship between the barriers perceived by students and sedentary lifestyle. Medical schools should include in their curricula the promotion of healthy lifestyles.2019-08-01 06:01:01: Script de automatizacion de embargos. info:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2019-08-1