Exploration of Marine Resources by Photographic Remote Sensing

The interpretation of photographs in oceanographic remote sensing is discussed. The photographs were made from spacecraft with two exceptions. Two photographs were made from aircraft. There were three types of film used to make the photographs: black-and-white, color, and color IR. Black and white photography is well known; it presents pictures in various shades of gray from black to white. Color film presents pictures in color, very nearly as the human eye sees them. Color IR film presents pictures in color also but not as seen by the human eye. Blue becomes much deeper blue, green is suppressed to some extent, and red is recorded beyond the visual range of the human eye, out in the near infrared. The most noticeable effect of the use of color IR film is that leaf materials which are highly reflective in the infrared part of the spectrum are presented as red

Experiments on Visual Acuity and the Visibility of Markings on the Ground in Long-duration Earth-Orbital Space Flight

Visual acuity and visibility of markings on ground in long duration earth orbital space fligh

The reduction of contrast by atmospheric boil

SIO Reference 58-35. It is shown that the probability of receiving light from an object viewed through a turbulent atmosphere follows a normal Gaussian distribution. Furthermore the root mean square angular deflection of the points of any object \\dll be proportional to the square root of the object-to-observer distance.From relations of the type described in the examples, it is possible to predict the apparent contrast throughout a given scene, provided the inherent contrast distribution, the Optical Air State, and the range of the target is known. The Optical Air State for a given condition of atmosphere can be measured using a telephotometer and a series of long thin black bars of varying widths

The reduction of contrast by atmospheric boil

SIO Reference 58-35. It is shown that the probability of receiving light from an object viewed through a turbulent atmosphere follows a normal Gaussian distribution. Furthermore the root mean square angular deflection of the points of any object \\dll be proportional to the square root of the object-to-observer distance.From relations of the type described in the examples, it is possible to predict the apparent contrast throughout a given scene, provided the inherent contrast distribution, the Optical Air State, and the range of the target is known. The Optical Air State for a given condition of atmosphere can be measured using a telephotometer and a series of long thin black bars of varying widths