Weak and Strong Reinforcement Number For a Graph

Introducing the weak reinforcement number which is the minimum number of added edges to reduce the weak dominating number, and giving some boundary of this new parameter and trees

Increasing the role of local initiatives in creating liveable cities: Bodrum local habitat

'Liveability' which describes the characteristics of a 'good community', was proposed by the Turkish delegation during the preparation works of Habitat II Conference, as complementary to the principle of sustainability. 'Liveable cities' were then explained in detail in Turkish National Report with stating that local liveability criteria can be developed in the hands of local initiatives. So increasing the role of local initiatives in order to make the citizens to stand as protectors to their cities, was accepted as one of the basic principles of making our cities to survive as liveable places. And the best way of achieving this goal was the formation of large city-wide meetings which collect all the actors to discuss their problems. These formations are called Local Habitats. The paper covers a discussion about the first Local Habitat realized in Bodrum on September 1996. This was the first experience in Turkey which prepared the necessary grounds of increasing the role of local initiatives in the formulation of urban policy concerns such as the physical problems originating from Bodrum's growth as one of the most important tourism centers of Turkey and the citizens' worries about its deteriorating local characteristics. This discussion will be centered around two points: The current unliveable structure of Bodrum which led to the formation of firts Local Habitat in that city and Bodrum Local Habitat's success in enabling a lot of people from the mayor to the academicians and citizens, to come together to discuss these problems in an unhierarchical organization.g

An Analysis of the Connections Between Layers of Deep Neural Networks

We present an analysis of different techniques for selecting the connection be- tween layers of deep neural networks. Traditional deep neural networks use ran- dom connection tables between layers to keep the number of connections small and tune to different image features. This kind of connection performs adequately in supervised deep networks because their values are refined during the training. On the other hand, in unsupervised learning, one cannot rely on back-propagation techniques to learn the connections between layers. In this work, we tested four different techniques for connecting the first layer of the network to the second layer on the CIFAR and SVHN datasets and showed that the accuracy can be im- proved up to 3% depending on the technique used. We also showed that learning the connections based on the co-occurrences of the features does not confer an advantage over a random connection table in small networks. This work is helpful to improve the efficiency of connections between the layers of unsupervised deep neural networks

Increasing the role of local initiatives in creating liveable cities: Bodrum local habitat

'Liveability' which describes the characteristics of a 'good community', was proposed by the Turkish delegation during the preparation works of Habitat II Conference, as complementary to the principle of sustainability. 'Liveable cities' were then explained in detail in Turkish National Report with stating that local liveability criteria can be developed in the hands of local initiatives. So increasing the role of local initiatives in order to make the citizens to stand as protectors to their cities, was accepted as one of the basic principles of making our cities to survive as liveable places. And the best way of achieving this goal was the formation of large city-wide meetings which collect all the actors to discuss their problems. These formations are called Local Habitats. The paper covers a discussion about the first Local Habitat realized in Bodrum on September 1996. This was the first experience in Turkey which prepared the necessary grounds of increasing the role of local initiatives in the formulation of urban policy concerns such as the physical problems originating from Bodrum's growth as one of the most important tourism centers of Turkey and the citizens' worries about its deteriorating local characteristics. This discussion will be centered around two points: The current unliveable structure of Bodrum which led to the formation of firts Local Habitat in that city and Bodrum Local Habitat's success in enabling a lot of people from the mayor to the academicians and citizens, to come together to discuss these problems in an unhierarchical organization.