Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Harga, Dan Saluran Distribusi Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Majalah Swa Melalui Variabel Kepuasan Pelanggan (Studi Kasus Pada Pelanggan Majalah Swa Di DKI Jakarta)

Customer loyalty is a goal that has to be achieved by a company. To be able to get loyal customers, SWA magazine needs to pay attention on the factors that influence customers\u27 loyalty. Moreover, business and economy themed magazines are mushrooming, leading to the opportunity for the readers to move from one magazine to another.This research aimed to ascertain the effect of product quality, price, and distribution channel on customer loyalty of SWA magazine in Jakarta through customer satisfaction variable both simultaneously and partially. The hypothesis was there was an effect of product quality, price, and distribution channel on customer loyalty of SWA magazine in Jakarta through customer satisfaction variable both simultaneously and partially. The type of this research was explanatory research with 97 respondents with multi stage sampling technique through questionnaire and interview. The data was analyzed using linear regression method with the assistance of SPSS 16.0.The result of this research showed that product quality, price and distribution channel variables had significant and positive effect partially on customer satisfaction. Product quality variable did not have partially significant effect on customer loyalty. Price and distribution channel variables had partially significant and positive effect on customer loyalty. Product quality and price variables had simultaneously positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction while distribution channel had simultaneously negative effect on customer satisfaction. Simultaneously, product quality, price, and distribution channel variables had positive effect and not significant effect on customer loyalty. Partially, customer satisfaction had positive and significant effect on customer loyalty.Based on the result of this research, a conclusion was drawn that customers\u27 perception on product quality, price, and distribution channel was good. Customers\u27 satisfaction and loyalty of SWA magazine were also good. The company was suggested to improving the product quality, adjusting the price and boosting the distribution channel of SWA magazine in accordance with customers\u27 needs and expectation, so that, customers can feel the satisfaction and decided to be loyal customers

Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Major Loci for Carcass Weight on BTA14 in Hanwoo (Korean Cattle)

<div><p>This genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to identify major loci that are significantly associated with carcass weight, and their effects, in order to provide increased understanding of the genetic architecture of carcass weight in Hanwoo. This genome-wide association study identified one major chromosome region ranging from 23 Mb to 25 Mb on chromosome 14 as being associated with carcass weight in Hanwoo. Significant Bonferroni-corrected genome-wide associations (<i>P<1.52</i>×<i>10⁻⁶</i>) were detected for 6 Single Nucleotide Polymorphic (SNP) loci for carcass weight on chromosome 14. The most significant SNP was <i>BTB-01280026</i> (<i>P = 4.02×10⁻¹¹</i>), located in the 25 Mb region on Bos taurus autosome 14 (BTA14). The other 5 significant SNPs were <i>Hapmap27934-BTC-065223</i> (<i>P = 4.04×10⁻¹¹</i>) in 25.2 Mb, <i>BTB-01143580</i> (<i>P = 6.35×10⁻¹¹</i>) in 24.3 Mb, <i>Hapmap30932-BTC-011225</i> (<i>P = 5.92×10⁻¹⁰</i>) in 24.8 Mb, <i>Hapmap27112-BTC-063342</i> (<i>P = 5.18×10⁻⁹</i>) in 25.4 Mb, and <i>Hapmap24414-BTC-073009</i> (<i>P = 7.38×10⁻⁸</i>) in 25.4 Mb, all on BTA 14. One SNP (<i>BTB-01143580; P = 6.35×10⁻¹¹</i>) lies independently from the other 5 SNPs. The 5 SNPs that lie together showed a large Linkage disequilibrium (LD) block (block size of 553 kb) with LD coefficients ranging from 0.53 to 0.89 within the block. The most significant SNPs accounted for 6.73% to 10.55% of additive genetic variance, which is quite a large proportion of the total additive genetic variance. The most significant SNP (<i>BTB-01280026; P = 4.02×10⁻¹¹</i>) had 16.96 kg of allele substitution effect, and the second most significant SNP (<i>Hapmap27934-BTC-065223; P = 4.04×10⁻¹¹</i>) had 18.06 kg of effect on carcass weight, which correspond to 44% and 47%, respectively, of the phenotypic standard deviation for carcass weight in Hanwoo cattle. Our results demonstrated that carcass weight was affected by a major Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) with a large effect and by many SNPs with small effects that are normally distributed.</p></div

Effect of the most significantly associated SNPs (<i>BTB_01143580</i> and <i>BTB_01280026</i>) on the carcass weight in the Hanwoo breed.

<p>The boxplots show the effects of the most significantly associated two SNPs and their haplotypes on the carcass weight.</p

Trait means, standard deviations, variance components for the carcass traits, and number of animals in the Hanwoo discovery set.

<p>Trait means, standard deviations, variance components for the carcass traits, and number of animals in the Hanwoo discovery set.</p

Reginal plot of the p values on chromosome 14 and candidate genes surrounding the six most significant SNPs.

<p>Significance (-log 10 of p-values) is plotted against position along the BTA14 and the 1.1 Mb region surrounding the six significant SNPs.</p

SNPs showing significant association with carcass weight in 1,011 Hanwoo animals.

<p>Six SNPs meet the genome wide significance level of <i>P<1.52×10^-6</i>. The allelic substitution effect (β) is given for the minor allele in additive genetic effect derived from linear regression model of the carcass weight (kg). Positions are based on the Btau 4.1 assembly of the bovine genome sequence. The Vg indicates proportion of SNP vairance calculated from equation in material and methods.</p

Frequencies of favorable alleles of 6 SNP markers for carcass weight in the 1.1

<p>FA  =  favorable allele for carcass weight in Hanwoo (Korean brown cattle).</p><p>AG  =  Angus, BR  =  Brahman, HT  =  Holstein, HF  =  Hereford, LM  =  Limousine, KB  =  Korean brown Hanwoo, CHB  =  Korean Brindle Hanwoo, YBH  =  Chinese Yanbian cattle, CS  =  Chosun cattle and JBB  =  Jeju Black Hanwoo.</p

The -logP value for the association between SNP and carcass weight on chromosome 14 (grey colour) and additive genetic variance (red colour) that significant SNPs (P<0.001) account for in single marker regression analysis.

<p>The -logP value for the association between SNP and carcass weight on chromosome 14 (grey colour) and additive genetic variance (red colour) that significant SNPs (P<0.001) account for in single marker regression analysis.</p

Association of 32,696 SNPs with the carcass weight in the Hanwoo breed.

<p>(A) Manhattan plot. Significance threshold was set up at P<1.5×10⁻⁶ (Bonferroni corrected significance level). (B) Quantile-quantile plot. The red line represents the 95% concentration band under the null hypothesis of no association. The black dot represent the P-values of the entire study, upper six dots represent SNPs with P<1×10⁻⁸ in this study.</p

Additional file 1: of The genome landscape of indigenous African cattle

Supplemental data including Note S1, Tables S1-S7 and Figures S1-S12. (DOCX 14235 kb