Genetic conflict outweighs heterogametic incompatibility in the mouse hybrid zone?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The <it>Mus musculus musculus/M. m. domesticus </it>contact zone in Europe is characterised by sharp frequency discontinuities for sex chromosome markers at the centre of wider clines in allozyme frequencies.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We identify a triangular area (approximately 330 km²) where the <it>musculus </it>Y chromosome introgresses across this front for up to 22 km into <it>domesticus </it>territory. Introgression of the Y chromosome is accompanied by a perturbation of the census sex ratio: the sex ratio is significantly female biased in <it>musculus </it>localities and <it>domesticus </it>localities lacking Y chromosome introgression. In contrast, where the <it>musculus </it>Y is detected in <it>domesticus </it>localities, the sex ratio is close to parity, and significantly different from both classes of female biased localities. The geographic position of an abrupt cline in an X chromosome marker, and autosomal clines centred on the same position, seem unaffected by the <it>musculus </it>Y introgression.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We conclude that sex ratio distortion is playing a role in the geographic separation of speciation genes in this section of the mouse hybrid zone. We suggest that clines for genes involved in sex-ratio distortion have escaped from the centre of the mouse hybrid zone, causing a decay in the barrier to gene flow between the two house mouse taxa.</p

Clinical characteristics of patients with tick-borne encephalitis (Tbe) : A European multicentre study from 2010 to 2017

Funding Information: Conflicts of Interest: W.Z. received financial support from GSK, Pfizer, Merck, and Sanofi for organizing the “Graz Vaccination Day”. Funding Information: Funding: This study was financially supported by Land Steiermark (Office of the Regional Government of Styria, Department of Health Care and Science, Unit of Science and Research, Austria). D.R., L.K. and M.P. were supported by the Czech Ministry of Health (grant No. NV19-05-00457). P.B. and F.S. were supported by the Slovenian Research Agency (grant. No P3-0296). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus is a major cause of central nervous system infections in endemic countries. Here, we present clinical and laboratory characteristics of a large international cohort of patients with confirmed TBE using a uniform clinical protocol. Patients were recruited in eight centers from six European countries between 2010 and 2017. A detailed description of clinical signs and symptoms was recorded. The obtained information enabled a reliable classification in 553 of 555 patients: 207 (37.3%) had meningitis, 273 (49.2%) meningoencephalitis, 15 (2.7%) meningomyelitis, and 58 (10.5%) meningoencephalomyelitis; 41 (7.4%) patients had a peripheral paresis of extremities, 13 (2.3%) a central paresis of extremities, and 25 (4.5%) had single or multiple cranial nerve palsies. Five (0.9%) patients died during acute illness. Outcome at discharge was recorded in 298 patients. Of 176 (59.1%) patients with incomplete recovery, 80 (27%) displayed persisting symptoms or signs without recovery expectation. This study provides further evidence that TBE is a severe disease with a large proportion of patients with incomplete recovery. We suggest monitoring TBE in endemic European countries using a uniform protocol to record the full clinical spectrum of the disease.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Hodnocení jakosti a autentičnosti ovocných šťáv

The literary part of the bachelor´s thesis comprises of material composition, the technology of production and forging of fruit juices. The research in this thesis is dealing with the analysis of 3 different kinds of fruit juice (apple, orange and grapefruit) purchased in a retail network. There have been evaluated 19 samples in total, in which density, soluble dry basis, titratable acids, malic acid, citric acid and ascorbic acid were determined. As samples were used fruit juices purchased in a retail network which were produced by pressing or from a concentrate or from fresh fruit. Obtained results were compiled to a table, compared with allowed values from the AIJN codex and evaluated

The influence of value system on the leisure time activities of high school students

Just as the inner values influence people´s leisure time, so does the leisure time have effect on people´s value system. The aim of this bachelor´s thesis was an effort to find the relation between the value orientation of today´s high school students and their leisure time. The thesis consists of two parts. In the theoretical part the basic areas of interest, i.e. leisure time and values, have been characterised by means of definition, function and other influences. Further, the youth and period of adolescence have been specified. The practical part is devoted to the high school students´ value system. The figures have been gained via questionnaire investigation held among students of high schools, secondary schools and vocational schools. The content and amount of their leisure time have been monitored and compared

Sex chromosomes in the house mouse hybrid zone

Understanding the genetic basis of reproductive isolation is the ultimate goal of the study of speciation. Here I present the results of a study of gene flow and its barriers at sex chromosome markers across the central European portion of the hybrid zone between two house mouse subspecies, Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus. We identified strong introgression of Y musculus chromosome into the domesticus area accompanied by a perturbation of the census sex ratio. In addition, we detected stochastic effects that can distort results of hybrid zone studies. Finally, we confirmed a strong effect of sex chromosomes on reproductive isolation and hence their important role in the process of speciation

Analýza skladů hotových výrobků - využití čipů v podniku AŽD Praha s.r.o.

Prezenční výpůjčkaVŠB - Technická univerzita Ostrava. Fakulta strojní. Institut (342) doprav

Genetic analysis of autosomal and X-linked markers across a mouse hybrid zone

Understanding the genetic basis of reproductive isolation is the ultimate goal of the studies of speciation. We studied gene flow and its barriers at both autosomal and X-linked markers across the central European portion of the hybrid zone between two house mouse subspecies, Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus