24 research outputs found
"Kultur" als Form symbolischer Gewalt: Grenzziehungsprozesse im Kontext von Migration am Beispiel der Schweiz
Die Schweiz gilt international als Modell eines gelungenen Multikulturalismus, dann nĂ€mlich wenn es das Zusammenleben der vier Sprachgruppen (Romands, DeutschschweizerInnen, TessinerInnen, RĂ€teromanInnen) betrifft. Ein sprachlicher wie auch religiöser Pluralismus ist und war stets ein Grundbaustein des SelbstverstĂ€ndnisses der âWillensnationâ Schweiz. Geht es aber um MigrantInnen prĂ€sentiert sich die Geschichte anders, denn in diesem Falle erscheinen religiöse und ethnisch-kulturelle PluralitĂ€t vorwiegend als problematisch. MigrantInnen gehören entsprechend den öffentlichen und politischen Diskursen nicht zum multikulturellen Staat, vielmehr sind Prozesse kollektiver Grenzziehungen und damit SchlieĂungsmechanismen zu beobachten, in denen EthnizitĂ€t, Religion und Kultur zu den wichtigsten Differenzierungsmerkmale werden, wie Gemeinsamkeiten gegen innen (SchweizerInnen) und Barrieren gegen auĂen (AuslĂ€nder, Migranten, Muslims, etc.) hergestellt werden. Ich argumentiere in diesem Kapitel, dass sich dieser âKulturdiskursâ im letzten Jahrzehnt verstĂ€rkt hat und gleichzeitig semantischen Verschiebungen unterworfen war. Mittels der Grenzziehungsperspektive wird historisch nachvollzogen, wie Zuwanderung und Integration in politischen Debatten und Gesetz zunehmend kulturalisiert und ethnisiert wurden. Ein Fallbeispiel aus der Forschung dient mir anschlieĂend der Veranschaulichung dieser theoretischen Perspektive und dieses âneuenâ Essentialismus
Re-establishing the âoutsidersâ: English press coverage of the 2015 FIFA Womenâs World Cup
In 2015, the England Womenâs national football team finished third at the Womenâs World Cup in Canada. Alongside the establishment of the Womenâs Super League in 2011, the success of the womenâs team posed a striking contrast to the recent failures of the England menâs team and in doing so presented a timely opportunity to examine the negotiation of hegemonic discourses on gender, sport and football. Drawing upon an âestablished-outsiderâ approach, this article examines how, in newspaper coverage of the England womenâs team, gendered constructions revealed processes of alteration, assimilation and resistance. Rather than suggesting that âestablishedâ discourses assume a normative connection between masculinity and football, the findings reveal how gendered âboundariesâ were both challenged and protected in newspaper coverage. Despite their success, the discursive positioning of the womenâs team as âoutsidersâ, served to (re)establish menâs football as superior, culturally salient and âbetterâ than the womenâs team/game. Accordingly, we contend that attempts to build and, in many instances, rediscover the history of womenâs football, can be used to challenge established cultural representations that draw exclusively from the history of the menâs game. In such instances, the 2015 Womenâs World Cup provides a historical moment from which the womenâs game can be relocated in a context of popular culture
A study of X-ray flares - II. RS CVn type Binaries
We present an analysis of seven flares detected from five RS CVn-type
binaries (UZ Lib, \sigma Gem, \lambda And, V711 Tau and EI Eri) observed with
XMM-Newton observatory. The quiescent state X-ray luminosities in the energy
band of 0.3-10.0 keV of these stars were found to be 10^{30.7-30.9} erg/s. The
exponential decay time in all the sample of flares range from ~ 1 to 8 hrs. The
luminosity at peak of the flares in the energy band of 0.3-10.0 keV were found
to be in the range of 10^{30.8} - 10^{31.8} erg/s. The great sensitivity of the
XMM-EPIC instruments allowed us to perform time resolved spectral analysis
during the flares and also in the subsquent quiescent phases. The derived metal
abundances of coronal plasma were found to vary during the flares observed from
\sigma Gem, V771 Tau and EI Eri. In these flares elemental abundances found to
be enhanced by factors of ~ 1.3-1.5 to the quiescent states. In most of the
flares, the peak temperature was found to be more than 100 MK whereas emission
measure increased by factors of 1.5 - 5.5. Significant sustained heating was
present in the majority of flares. The loop lengths (L) derived for flaring
structure were found to be of the order of 10^{10 -11} cm and are smaller than
the stellar radii (R*) i.e. L/R* \lesssim 1. The flare from \sigma Gem showed a
high and variable absorption column density during the flare.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA
Duemmler, Kerstin; Nagel, Alexander-Kenneth: governing religious diversity: top-down and bottom-up initiatives in Germany and Switzerland.
In recent years religious pluralization has become a significant policy issue in Western societies as a result of a new awareness of religion and of religious minorities articulating themselves and becoming more visible. The article explores the variety of social and political reactions to religious diversity in urban areas and in doing so it brings together theoretical concepts of political and cultural sociology. The notion of diversity governance as joint endeavour of state and societal actors managing societies is linked to the notion of boundary work as interplay of state and/or societal actors maintaining or modifying boundaries between religious traditions. Based on two case studies the article illustrates two idealtypical settings of diversity governance: The first case from the German Ruhr Area stands for a bottom-up approach which is based on civic self-organization of interreligious activities whereas the second case from the Swiss canton of Lucerne exhibits a model of top-down governance based on state interventions in religious instruction at schools. Drawing on semi-structured interviews and participant observation the authors show how different governance settings shape the construction and blurring of boundaries in the religious field. Both approaches operate differently when incorporating religious diversity and rendering former homogenous notions of we-groups more heterogeneous. Despite of the approaches initial aim of inclusion, patterns of exclusion are equally reproduced since the idea of 'legitimate religion' rooted in Christian majority culture is present