CETOBaC - Centre d’études turques, ottomanes, balkaniques et centrasiatiques

Marc Aymes, chargé de recherche au CNRSBenjamin Gourisse, ATER à l’Université Paris-I/Panthéon-SorbonneEmmanuel Szurek, doctorant à l’EHESS Sociologie historique de l’État en Turquie depuis les Tanzimat Le séminaire s’est poursuivi en 2010-2011 pour sa troisième année consécutive. Il demeure articulé au programme ANR TRANSTUR, « Ordonner et transiger. Modalités de gouvernement et d’administration en Turquie et dans l’Empire ottoman du XIXe siècle à nos jours » (2008-2011), dont il permet de d..

CETOBaC – Centre d’études turques, ottomanes, balkaniques et centrasiatiques

Constant Hamès, chargé de recherche au CNRSAlexandre Popovic, directeur de recherche émérite au CNRS Histoire moderne et contemporaine des musulmans balkaniques Nous avons pu terminer au cours de cette année l’analyse détaillée du très riche ouvrage de l’historien et turcologue serbe Glisa Elezovic (1879-1960), Derviski redovi muslimanski. Tekije u Skoplju (Les ordres de derviches musulmans. Les tekke de Skoplje), paru à Skoplje même en 1925 (d’abord en feuilleton dans deux périodiques locaux..

CETOBaC – Centre d’études turques, ottomanes, balkaniques et centrasiatiques

Constant Hamès, chargé de recherche au CNRSAlexandre Popovic, directeur de recherche émérite au CNRS Histoire moderne et contemporaine des musulmans balkaniques Nous avons pu terminer au cours de cette année l’analyse détaillée du très riche ouvrage de l’historien et turcologue serbe Glisa Elezovic (1879-1960), Derviski redovi muslimanski. Tekije u Skoplju (Les ordres de derviches musulmans. Les tekke de Skoplje), paru à Skoplje même en 1925 (d’abord en feuilleton dans deux périodiques locaux..

IISMM – Institut d’études de l’Islam et des sociétés du monde musulman

Olivier Bouquet, maître de conférences à l’Université de Nice-Sophia AntipolisAnne-Laure Dupont, maître de conférences à l’Université Paris-IV/SorbonneBenjamin Lellouch, maître de conférences à l’Université Paris-VIII/Vincennes-Saint-DenisCatherine Mayeur-Jaouen, professeur à l’INaLCOSabrina Mervin, chargée de recherche au CNRSNicolas Michel, maître de conférences à l’Université Aix-Marseille-I/ProvenceM’hamed Oualdi, Chantai Verdeil, maîtres de conférences à l’INaLCO Histoire moderne et cont..

IISMM – Institut d’études de l’Islam et des sociétés du monde musulman

Olivier Bouquet, maître de conférences à l’Université de Nice-Sophia AntipolisAnne-Laure Dupont, maître de conférences à l’Université Paris-IV/SorbonneBenjamin Lellouch, maître de conférences à l’Université Paris-VIII/Vincennes-Saint-DenisCatherine Mayeur-Jaouen, professeur à l’INaLCOSabrina Mervin, chargée de recherche au CNRSNicolas Michel, maître de conférences à l’Université Aix-Marseille-I/ProvenceM’hamed Oualdi, Chantai Verdeil, maîtres de conférences à l’INaLCO Histoire moderne et cont..

Development and validation of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea screening test (ColTon) in a pediatric population

International audienceObjective: Development and validation of a machine learning algorithm to predict moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in otherwise healthy children.Design: Multivariable logistic regression and cforest algorithm of a large cross-sectional data set of children with sleep-disordered breathing.Setting: An university pediatric sleep centre.Participants: Children underwent clinical examination, acoustic rhinometry and pharyngometry, and surveying through parental sleep questionnaires, allowing the recording of 14 predictors that have been associated with OSAS. The dataset was nonrandomly split into a training (development) versus test (external validation) set (2:1 ratio) based on the time of the polysomnography. We followed the TRIPOD checklist.Results: We included 336 children in the analysis: 220 in the training set (median age [25th-75th percentile]: 10.6 years [7.4; 13.5], z-score of BMI: 1.96 [0.73; 2.50], 89 girls) and 116 in the test set (10.3 years [7.8; 13.0], z-score of BMI: 1.89 [0.61; 2.46], 51 girls). The prevalence of moderate to severe OSAS was 106/336 (32%). A machine learning algorithm using the cforest with pharyngeal collapsibility (pharyngeal volume reduction from sitting to supine position measured by pharyngometry) and tonsillar hypertrophy (Brodsky scale), constituting the ColTon index, as predictors yielded an area under the curve of 0.89, 95% confidence interval [0.85-0.93]. The ColTon index had an accuracy of 76%, sensitivity of 63%, specificity of 81%, negative predictive value of 84%, and positive predictive value of 59% on the validation set.Conclusion: A cforest classifier allows valid predictions for moderate to severe OSAS in mostly obese, otherwise healthy children

Autism spectrum disorder in young patients with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: role of the autonomic nervous system dysfunction

Abstract Background Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare condition characterized by alveolar hypoventilation and autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction requiring long-term ventilation. CCHS could constitute a risk factor of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to birth injury related to respiratory failure, which remains to be determined. ANS dysfunction has also been described in ASD and there are indications for altered contribution of ANS-central nervous system interaction in processing of social information; thus, CCHS could be a risk factor for ASD based on pathophysiological background also. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of ASD among CCHS patients, identify risk factors, and explore the relationship between the ANS, evaluated by heart rate variability indices, and adaptative functioning. Results Our retrospective study, based on the analysis of records of a French national center of patients with CCHS under 20 years of age, determined that the prevalence of ASD (diagnosed by a psychiatrist, following the criteria of DSM-4 or DSM-5) was 6/69 patients, 8.7% (95% confidence interval: 3.3–18.0%). In a case (CCHS with ASD, n = 6) – control (CCHS without ASD, n = 12) study with matching on sex, longer neonatal hospitalization stay and glycemic dysfunction were associated with ASD. Adaptative functioning was assessed using Vineland Adaptative behavioral scales (VABS) and heart rate variability indices (including daytime RMSSD as an index of parasympathetic modulation) were obtained from ECG Holter performed the same day. In 19 young subjects with CCHS who had both ECG Holter and VABS, significant positive correlations were observed between RMSSD and three of four sub-domains of the VABS (communication: R = 0.50, p = 0.028; daily living skills: R = 0.60, p = 0.006; socialization: R = 0.52, p = 0.021). Conclusion Our study suggests a high prevalence of ASD in patients with CCHS. Glycemic dysfunction and longer initial hospitalization stays were associated with ASD development. A defect in parasympathetic modulation was associated with worse adaptative functioning

Comparison of a short versus long-course antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

International audienceBackground For ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), the safety of short-course versus long-course antibiotic therapy is still debated, especially regarding documented VAP due to non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NF-GNB). The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the rates of recurrence and relapse of VAP in patients receiving short-course (= 10-15 days) of antibiotic therapy. Methods The protocol for this study was registered in the PROSPERO database (ID: CRD42022365138). We per-formed an electronic search of the relevant literature and limited our search to data published from 2000 until September 1, 2022. We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the United States National Library of Medicine, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, National Institutes of Health PubMed/MEDLINE, web of science and Google Scholar data-bases. The primary endpoint was the recurrence and relapses of VAP, secondary endpoints were 28-day mortality, mechanical ventilation duration, number of extra-pulmonary infections and length of ICU stay.Findings We identified five relevant studies involving 1069 patients (530 patients in the short-course group and 539 patients in the long-course group). The meta-analysis did not reveal any significant difference between short and long-course antibiotic therapy for recurrence and relapses of VAP (odd ratio "OR" = 1.48, 95% confidence intervals (CI) [0.96, 2.28], p = 0.08 and OR = 1.45, 95% CI [0.94, 2.22], p = 0.09, respectively), including those due to NF-GNB (OR = 1.90, 95% CI [0.93, 3.33], p = 0.05 and OR = 1.76, 95% CI [0.93, 3.33], p = 0.08, respectively). No difference was found for 28 days-mortality (OR = 1.24, 95% CI [0.92, 1.67], p = 0.16), mechanical ventilation duration, number of extra-pulmonary infections and length of ICU stay. However, short-course therapy significantly increased the number of antibiotic-free days.Interpretation Our meta-analysis showed that short-course antibiotic therapy did not result in increased number of recurence and relapses of VAP, suggesting that short-course should be preferred to reduce the exposure to antibiotics

Nap polysomnography in infants with laryngomalacia as a tool to predict treatment strategy

International audiencePurpose: This study aimed to investigate the role of nap polysomnography (NPSG) in predicting treatment strategies for infants with moderate to severe laryngomalacia and to explore the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity, weight gain, and laryngomalacia severity.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on infants diagnosed with moderate to severe laryngomalacia who underwent NPSG between January 2019 and June 2023. Clinical variables, NPSG parameters, and treatment decisions were collected. Weight gain rate and its correlation with NPSG indices were assessed. Logistic regression analyses were performed to predict treatment strategies based on NPSG findings.Results: Of the 39 infants included (median age: 3.3 months), 77% exhibited OSA, with 69% having moderate to severe OSA [apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) > 5/h]. Weight gain rate correlated negatively with indices of OSA severity, including the hypopnea index (HI) and the AHI. In a multiple logistic regression analysis incorporating the severity of OSA (AHI), weight gain rate, and laryngomalacia severity, only AHI predicted the decision for surgical or non-invasive ventilation treatment (OR = 2.1, CI 95 [1.6; 2.8], p ≤ 10 –4 ). The weight gain rate was predicted ( r 2 = 0.28) by the AHI and the presence of retractions of auxiliary inspiratory muscles.Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of NPSG in assessing infants with moderate to severe laryngomalacia. The AHI from NPSG emerged as a potential predictor for treatment decisions and weight gain rate, emphasizing its clinical relevance. These findings advocate incorporating NPSG into the diagnostic and management process for infants with laryngomalacia