A Review of Prosthetic Interface Stress Investigations

Over the last decade, numerous experimental and numerical analyses have been conducted to investigate the stress distribution between the residual limb and prosthetic socket of persons with lower limb amputation. The objectives of these analyses have been to improve our understanding of the residual limb/prosthetic socket system, to evaluate the influence of prosthetic design parameters and alignment variations on the interface stress distribution, and to evaluate prosthetic fit. The purpose of this paper is to summarize these experimental investigations and identify associated limitations. In addition, this paper presents an overview of various computer models used to investigate the residual limb interface, and discusses the differences and potential ramifications of the various modeling formulations. Finally, the potential and future applications of these experimental and numerical analyses in prosthetic design are presented

Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, Purse Seine Fishery, 1972-84, with a brief discussion of age and size composition of the Landings

This report summarizes (I) annual purse seine landings of Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, for 1972-84, (2) estimated numbers of fish caught by fishing area. (3) estimates of nominal fishing effort and catch-per-unit-effort, (4) mean fish length and weight, and (5) major changes in the fishery. During the 1970s stock size and recruitment increased and the age composition broadened. reversing trends witnessed during the fishery's decline in the 1960s. Landings steadily improved and by 1980 the total coast wide landings exceeded 400,000 metric tons. Nevertheless, the character of the fishery changed considerably. Eleven reduction plants processed fish at seven ports in 1972, but in 1984 only eight plants operated at live ports. Beginning in the mid-1960s the center of fishing aclivity shifted from the Middle Atlantic area to the Chesapeake Bay area, which has continued to dominate the fishery in landings and effort through the 1970s and 1980s. During this period the average size and age of fish in the catches declined. (PDF file contains 30 pages.

Distribution Substation Dynamic Reconfiguration and Reinforcement-Digital Twin Model

The proliferation of electric vehicles will increase demand and alter the load profiles on final distribution substations quicker than traditional reinforcement techniques can respond. As it is nontrivial to determine in advance, to street level granularity, where and when vehicles will charge, a more flexible approach to substation reinforcement is preferable to the existing rip-out-and-replace technique for an overloaded transformer. Distribution Substation Dynamic Reconfiguration (DSDR) combines reinforcement using parallel transformers with reconfiguration algorithms to flexibly operate the substation in the face of uncertain loading conditions, by dynamically switching transformers in and out of service. This paper presents a digital twin and a benchtop scale model of the DSDR substation for the development and evaluation of such algorithms, along with two algorithms for optimizing substation technical losses. Initial results show that on a single tested substation model, efficiency increased by 5.40% with Net-Zero Year 2050 load profiles versus traditional reinforcement

Communication practices of the Karen in Sheffield: Seeking to navigate their three zones of displacement

This study investigates communication practices of a newly arrived Karen refugee community in the UK who, as well as establishing themselves in a strange country, seek to keep in touch, campaign politically and maintain identity collectively through communication and contact with their global diaspora. We look at the technologies, motivations and inhibiting factors applying to the communication by adult members of this community and construct the idea of three zones of displacement which help to model the particular contexts, challenges and methods of their communication. We find that overall, they are using a wide range of internet-based technologies, with the aim to 'keep-in-touch' (personal contacts) and to 'spread the word' (political communication). This also includes archaic, traditional and hybrid methods to achieve extended communication with contacts in other 'zones'. We also identify the importance of the notion of ‘village’ as metaphor and entity in their conceptualisation of diasporic and local community cohesion. We identify the key inhibitors to their communication as cost, education, literacy and age. Finally, we speculate on the uncertain outcomes of their approach to digital media in achieving their political aims

Asymmetric polarity reversals, bimodal field distribution, and coherence resonance in a spherically symmetric mean-field dynamo model

Using a mean-field dynamo model with a spherically symmetric helical turbulence parameter alpha which is dynamically quenched and disturbed by additional noise, the basic features of geomagnetic polarity reversals are shown to be generic consequences of the dynamo action in the vicinity of exceptional points of the spectrum. This simple paradigmatic model yields long periods of constant polarity which are interrupted by self-accelerating field decays leading to asymmetric polarity reversals. It shows the recently discovered bimodal field distribution, and it gives a natural explanation of the correlation between polarity persistence time and field strength. In addition, we find typical features of coherence resonance in the dependence of the persistence time on the noise.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figure

Off-Critical SLE(2) and SLE(4): a Field Theory Approach

Using their relationship with the free boson and the free symplectic fermion, we study the off-critical perturbation of SLE(4) and SLE(2) obtained by adding a mass term to the action. We compute the off-critical statistics of the source in the Loewner equation describing the two dimensional interfaces. In these two cases we show that ratios of massive by massless partition functions, expressible as ratios of regularised determinants of massive and massless Laplacians, are (local) martingales for the massless interfaces. The off-critical drifts in the stochastic source of the Loewner equation are proportional to the logarithmic derivative of these ratios. We also show that massive correlation functions are (local) martingales for the massive interfaces. In the case of massive SLE(4), we use this property to prove a factorisation of the free boson measure.Comment: 30 pages, 1 figures, Published versio

The structures of Hausdorff metric in non-Archimedean spaces

For non-Archimedean spaces $X$ and $Y,$ let $\mathcal{M}_{\flat } (X), \mathfrak{M}(V \rightarrow W)$ and $\mathfrak{D}_{\flat }(X, Y)$ be the ballean of $X$ (the family of the balls in $X$), the space of mappings from $X$ to $Y,$ and the space of mappings from the ballen of $X$ to $Y,$ respectively. By studying explicitly the Hausdorff metric structures related to these spaces, we construct several families of new metric structures (e.g., $\widehat{\rho } _{u}, \widehat{\beta }_{X, Y}^{\lambda }, \widehat{\beta }_{X, Y}^{\ast \lambda }$) on the corresponding spaces, and study their convergence, structural relation, law of variation in the variable $\lambda,$ including some normed algebra structure. To some extent, the class $\widehat{\beta }_{X, Y}^{\lambda }$ is a counterpart of the usual Levy-Prohorov metric in the probability measure spaces, but it behaves very differently, and is interesting in itself. Moreover, when $X$ is compact and $Y = K$ is a complete non-Archimedean field, we construct and study a Dudly type metric of the space of $K-$valued measures on $X.$Comment: 43 pages; this is the final version. Thanks to the anonymous referee's helpful comments, the original Theorem 2.10 is removed, Proposition 2.10 is stated now in a stronger form, the abstact is rewritten, the Monna-Springer is used in Section 5, and Theorem 5.2 is written in a more general for

Planetary vehicle thermal insulation systems, phase I Summary report

Tests and analyses to select materials and techniques for thermal insulation of planetary spacecraf