172 research outputs found
A new perspective on the head direction cell system and spatial behavior
The head direction cell system is an interconnected set of brain structures containing neurons whose firing is directionally tuned. The robust representation of allocentric direction by head direction cells suggests that they provide a neural compass for the animal. However, evidence linking head direction cells and spatial behavior has been mixed. Whereas damage to the hippocampus yields profound deficits in a range of spatial tasks, lesions to the head direction cell system often yield milder impairments in spatial behavior. In addition, correlational approaches have shown a correspondence between head direction cells and spatial behavior in some tasks, but not others. These mixed effects may be explained in part by a new view of the head direction cell system arising from recent demonstrations of at least two types of head direction cells: βtraditionalβ cells, and a second class of βsensoryβ cells driven by polarising features of an environment. The recognition of different kinds of head direction cells may allow a nuanced assessment of this systemβs role in guiding navigation
Potentiating interaction of ethoxydol and rosuvastatin in an experimental model of Langendorf-isolated rat heart total ischemia-reperfusion
The study of cardioprotective activity showed that in vitro ethoxydol at a dose of 3.8 Γ 10-4 g/l can significantly improve the morphofunctional state of cardiomyocytes, which is manifested in an increase in the proportion of postischemic cardiac resumption, reduction of ischemic contracture, and recovery of contractility during the reperfusion perio
Hippocampal Place Cell Instability after Lesions of the Head Direction Cell Network
The occurrence of cells that encode spatial location (place cells) or head direction (HD cells) in the rat limbic system suggests that these cell types are important for spatial navigation. We sought to determine whether place fields of hippocampal CA1 place cells would be altered in animals receiving lesions of brain areas containing HD cells. Rats received bilateral lesions of anterodorsal thalamic nuclei (ADN), postsubiculum (PoS), or sham lesions, before place cell recording. Although place cells from lesioned animals did not differ from controls on many place-field characteristics, such as place-field size and infield firing rate, the signal was significantly degraded with respect to measures of outfield firing rate, spatial coherence, and information content. Surprisingly, place cells from lesioned animals were more likely modulated by the directional heading of the animal. Rotation of the landmark cue showed that place fields from PoS-lesioned animals were not controlled by the cue and shifted unpredictably between sessions. Although fields from ADN-lesioned animals tended to have less landmark control than fields from control animals, this impairment was mild compared with cells recorded from PoS-lesioned animals. Removal of the prominent visual cue also led to instability of place-field representations in PoS-lesioned, but not ADN-lesioned, animals. Together, these findings suggest that an intact HD system is not necessary for the maintenance of place fields, but lesions of brain areas that convey the HD signal can degrade this signal, and lesions of the PoS might lead to perceptual or mnemonic deficits, leading to place-field instability between sessions
Limited Evidence for Parallel Evolution Among Desert-Adapted Peromyscus Deer Mice
Warming climate and increasing desertification urge the identification of genes involved in heat and dehydration tolerance to better inform and target biodiversity conservation efforts. Comparisons among extant desert-adapted species can highlight parallel or convergent patterns of genome evolution through the identification of shared signatures of selection. We generate a chromosome-level genome assembly for the canyon mouse (Peromyscus crinitus) and test for a signature of parallel evolution by comparing signatures of selective sweeps across population-level genomic resequencing data from another congeneric desert specialist (Peromyscus eremicus) and a widely distributed habitat generalist (Peromyscus maniculatus), that may be locally adapted to arid conditions. We identify few shared candidate loci involved in desert adaptation and do not find support for a shared pattern of parallel evolution. Instead, we hypothesize divergent molecular mechanisms of desert adaptation among deer mice, potentially tied to species-specific historical demography, which may limit or enhance adaptation. We identify a number of candidate loci experiencing selective sweeps in the P. crinitus genome that are implicated in osmoregulation (Trypsin, Prostasin) and metabolic tuning (Kallikrein, eIF2-alpha kinase GCN2, APPL1/2), which may be important for accommodating hot and dry environmental conditions
ΠΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΠ½Π³ΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄
Mineralogical, geochemical and spectroscopic characteristics of hardly enrichable ferruginous quartzites of the Krivoy Rog iron ore basin are discussed. The results of the study of mineral and chemical composition, assortment and content of microelements, and crystallochemistry of iron are considered. The results of pioneer experiments on thermo magnetization of the ore in order to create a scientific background for improving the processing technology of different iron ore and iron aluminum materials.ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-Π³Π΅ΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Π°. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΄ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΡ
Deletion of DXZ4 on the human inactive X chromosome alters higher-order genome architecture
During interphase, the inactive X chromosome (Xi) is largely transcriptionally silent and adopts an unusual 3D configuration known as the "Barr body." Despite the importance of X chromosome inactivation, little is known about this 3D conformation. We recently showed that in humans the Xi chromosome exhibits three structural features, two of which are not shared by other chromosomes. First, like the chromosomes of many species, Xi forms compartments. Second, Xi is partitioned into two huge intervals, called "superdomains," such that pairs of loci in the same superdomain tend to colocalize. The boundary between the superdomains lies near DXZ4, a macrosatellite repeat whose Xi allele extensively binds the protein CCCTC-binding factor. Third, Xi exhibits extremely large loops, up to 77 megabases long, called "superloops." DXZ4 lies at the anchor of several superloops. Here, we combine 3D mapping, microscopy, and genome editing to study the structure of Xi, focusing on the role of DXZ4 We show that superloops and superdomains are conserved across eutherian mammals. By analyzing ligation events involving three or more loci, we demonstrate that DXZ4 and other superloop anchors tend to colocate simultaneously. Finally, we show that deleting DXZ4 on Xi leads to the disappearance of superdomains and superloops, changes in compartmentalization patterns, and changes in the distribution of chromatin marks. Thus, DXZ4 is essential for proper Xi packaging.National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.) (Grant HG003067
ΠΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π°Π³Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠ΄'ΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ. Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ² β ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅ Π· Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π²Π΄Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ·Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π²Π΅Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ
ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°Π΄ 80 Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΠΠΠ ΡΠ° Π‘ Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΌΡΡ ΠΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΊ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π»ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
ΠΠΠΠ ΡΠ° Π‘ Π½Π°Π΄Π°Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π· ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π»ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ· ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΄Π½Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π² ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
; ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° 8Q Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π―ΠΠΠ ΠΈ Π‘ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
; The purpose of the research is to give proof of complex of medicinal capabilities for treatment of patients with duodenal ulcer with satellite stomatitis. The research has been carried out on 80 patients, suffered from duodenal ulcer and stomatitis. According to clinical investigations, 50 % of patients were suffered from duodenal ulcer and 50 % of patients were suffered from stomatitis. While examining the oral cavity of the majority of patients with stomatitis, such symptoms as bad breath, salivation, painfulness of ulcers, congestive hyperemia and gingival papilla edema, bleeding, gums recession with necks and roots of tooth exposure on 1/3-1/4 of their length, catarrhal gingivitis, considerable quantity of supragin-gival and subgingival tartars, i. e., soft dental deposit and dental calculus, paradental recesses with serous exudate mainly and pathologic mobility of individual teeth have been detected. The major part of patients with duodenal ulcer had such symptoms, typical for such disease, as pain in the area of epigastrium, heartburn, eructation, nausea, vomiting, hyporexia, constipation, gastric juice per acidity and duodenal cap ulcer. Apart from the major diseases, some patients were also suffered from concomitant diseases (gastritis, colitis, caries, etc.).Chronic stomatitis and duodenal ulcer are referred to the most common diseases in dentistry and gastroenterology. According to certain information of the authors these two diseases are interrelated and combined in 90 % of patients. The treatment of such diseases is carried out by the physicians of the main specialization. According to clinical observation, condition of oral cavity tissues, defense reaction in the organism at leukocytesβ integral hematologic indices, it has been determined the analogy of pathogenesis of development of both stomatitis and duodenal ulcer, which were caused by the development of infection- autoimmune inflammatory process. The Β«VipromakΒ» multicomponent mixture, suggested for the treatment of stomatitis and duodenal ulcer, on its pharmacological action is antibacterial, disinfecting, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory stimulator for immunity, antioxidant, restorative, ulcer healing complex drug. Comparing with other methods of therapy of both stomatitis and duodenal ulcer the Β«VipromakΒ» has more evident therapeutic effect and can be recommended in the dental practice for simultaneous treatment of these diseases in the same patient in the hospital or polyclinic
Chromosome-level genome of Schistosoma haematobium underpins genome-wide explorations of molecular variation.
Urogenital schistosomiasis is caused by the blood fluke Schistosoma haematobium and is one of the most neglected tropical diseases worldwide, afflicting \u3e 100 million people. It is characterised by granulomata, fibrosis and calcification in urogenital tissues, and can lead to increased susceptibility to HIV/AIDS and squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. To complement available treatment programs and break the transmission of disease, sound knowledge and understanding of the biology and ecology of S. haematobium is required. Hybridisation/introgression events and molecular variation among members of the S. haematobium-group might effect important biological and/or disease traits as well as the morbidity of disease and the effectiveness of control programs including mass drug administration. Here we report the first chromosome-contiguous genome for a well-defined laboratory line of this blood fluke. An exploration of this genome using transcriptomic data for all key developmental stages allowed us to refine gene models (including non-coding elements) and annotations, discover \u27new\u27 genes and transcription profiles for these stages, likely linked to development and/or pathogenesis. Molecular variation within S. haematobium among some geographical locations in Africa revealed unique genomic \u27signatures\u27 that matched species other than S. haematobium, indicating the occurrence of introgression events. The present reference genome (designated Shae.V3) and the findings from this study solidly underpin future functional genomic and molecular investigations of S. haematobium and accelerate systematic, large-scale population genomics investigations, with a focus on improved and sustained control of urogenital schistosomiasis
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