A hazai zöldségtermelés megújítása

Az éghajlatváltozás hatásai a minÅ‘ségi termelés követelményei, a rentábilis termelés igénye, a termeléstechnológiai elemek megújításának, korszerűsítésének szükségessége egyaránt sürgetik a fenti követelményeket szem elÅ‘tt tartó, annak megfelelni akaró módszert, a szabadföldi intenzív termelést, melynek legfontosabb elemei: az idÅ‘szakos talaj-, növény- és légtértakarás, a víztakarékos öntözési módok alkalmazása és a retardált műtrágya használata. Az idÅ‘szakos talaj-, növény- és légtértakarással a szedési idÅ‘szak meghosszabbítható, és egyúttal javítható a talaj vízgazdálkodása, valamint visszaszorítható a gyomosodás. A mikroöntözés alkalmazásával, azonos vízmennyiséggel kétszer akkora terület öntözhetÅ‘. Retardált (fékezett lebomlású) műtrágyák használatával jobb növénytápláltság érhetÅ‘ el, és az esetek többségében a fejtrágyázás is feleslegessé válik. Célszerű létrehozni mielÅ‘bb egy kiváló nyersanyagokból kiváló minÅ‘ségű, jellegzetesen magyar termékeket gyártó feldolgozóipart, amelynek kínálatában a funkcionális (pharma) termékek is megjelennek. Eközben arról sem szabad megfeledkezni, hogy jó minÅ‘ségű konzerv csak jó minÅ‘ségű nyersanyagból készíthetÅ‘! ------------------------------------------------------------ The climate is changing, and we have to adapt to it. The possible methods of compliance include temporary soil, plant and air covering, water economical irrigation, and the ap¬plication of retardable fertilizers. Temporary soil, plant and air covering with plastic sheets is a method applied most¬ly under temperate climatic conditions. Its key purpose is to enable earlier harvest and to lengthen the picking period. The use of economical irrigation methods can double the area which can be irrigated with the same amount of water. The application of retardable fertilizers can ensure harmonious plant nutrition without top dressing. The renewal of the Hungarian canning industry is an urgent task. The development of vegetable production is unthinkable without valuable canning products.zöldségtermelés, feldolgozóipar, speciális készítmények, tájtermelés, intenzív termesztés, vegetable production, territory, assortment, canning industry, special products, growing regions, intensity, Crop Production/Industries, Farm Management,

Levosimendan Administration in Limb Ischemia: Multicomponent Signaling Serving Kidney Protection

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Acute renal failure is a severe complication of lower extremity major arterial reconstructions, which could even be fatal. Levosimendan is a dual-acting positive inotropic and vasodilatory agent, which is suspected to have protective effects against cardiac ischemia. However, there is no data available on lower limb or remote organ ischemic injuries therefore the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of levosimendan on lower limb ischemia-reperfusion injury and the corollary renal dysfunction. METHODS: Male Wistar rats underwent 180 min bilateral lower limb ischemia followed by 4 or 24 hours of reperfusion. Intravenous Levosimendan was administered continuously (0.2mug/bwkg/min) throughout the whole course of ischemia and the first 3h of reperfusion. Results were compared with sham-operated and ischemia-reperfusion groups. Hemodynamic monitoring was performed by invasive arterial blood pressure measurement. Kidney and lower limb muscle microcirculation was registered by a laser Doppler flowmeter. After 4h and 24h of reperfusion, serum, urine and histological samples were collected. RESULTS: Systemic hemodynamic parameters and microcirculation of kidney and the lower limb significantly improved in the Levosimendan treated group. Muscle viability was significantly preserved 4 and 24 hours after reperfusion. At the same time, renal functional laboratory tests and kidney histology demonstrated significantly less expressive kidney injury in Levosimendan groups. TNF-alpha levels were significantly less elevated in the Levosimendan group 4 hours after reperfusion. CONCLUSION: The results claim a protective role for Levosimendan administration during major vascular surgeries to prevent renal complications

Low-cost airlines in Europe: Network structures after the enlargement of the European Union

The liberalization of the European air opened the strictly regulated European market, and contributed to the appearance and quick spread of the Low-Cost Carriers (LCCs). At the beginning of the 21st century the low cost traffic absolutely concentrated on the Western European market but after the enlargement of the European Union (EU) LCCs started their operations in Eastern Europe enlarging and enriching the former evolved network structures. The aim of this paper is to trace the evolution of the route network as a result of EU expansion. During the study we came to the conclusion that in the time period after the EU enlargement the European LCC traffic showed dynamic development, route networks widened and the number of accessible destinations doubled. Comparing the LCCs network structures we defined three main characteristics, which represents the North-South flows, the West-East routes and the mixed network structure

A hazai zöldségtermelés megújítása

Az éghajlatváltozás hatásai a minőségi termelés követelményei, a rentábilis termelés igénye, a termeléstechnológiai elemek megújításának, korszerűsítésének szükségessége egyaránt sürgetik a fenti követelményeket szem előtt tartó, annak megfelelni akaró módszert, a szabadföldi intenzív termelést, melynek legfontosabb elemei: az időszakos talaj-, növény- és légtértakarás, a víztakarékos öntözési módok alkalmazása és a retardált műtrágya használata. Az időszakos talaj-, növény- és légtértakarással a szedési időszak meghosszabbítható, és egyúttal javítható a talaj vízgazdálkodása, valamint visszaszorítható a gyomosodás. A mikroöntözés alkalmazásával, azonos vízmennyiséggel kétszer akkora terület öntözhető. Retardált (fékezett lebomlású) műtrágyák használatával jobb növénytápláltság érhető el, és az esetek többségében a fejtrágyázás is feleslegessé válik. Célszerű létrehozni mielőbb egy kiváló nyersanyagokból kiváló minőségű, jellegzetesen magyar termékeket gyártó feldolgozóipart, amelynek kínálatában a funkcionális (pharma) termékek is megjelennek. Eközben arról sem szabad megfeledkezni, hogy jó minőségű konzerv csak jó minőségű nyersanyagból készíthető! ------------------------------------------------------------ The climate is changing, and we have to adapt to it. The possible methods of compliance include temporary soil, plant and air covering, water economical irrigation, and the ap¬plication of retardable fertilizers. Temporary soil, plant and air covering with plastic sheets is a method applied most¬ly under temperate climatic conditions. Its key purpose is to enable earlier harvest and to lengthen the picking period. The use of economical irrigation methods can double the area which can be irrigated with the same amount of water. The application of retardable fertilizers can ensure harmonious plant nutrition without top dressing. The renewal of the Hungarian canning industry is an urgent task. The development of vegetable production is unthinkable without valuable canning products

Laboratory measurements and calculated parameters for kidney function.

<p>Laboratory measurements and calculated parameters for kidney function.</p

TNF-α concentration.

<p>TNF-α concentrations were significantly higher in the IR (ischemia-reperfusion) group compared to the Sham-operated group after 4 hours of reperfusion. TNF-α levels were significantly less elevated by Levosimendan treatment after 4 hours of reperfusion. 24 hours after reperfusion there were no significant differences among the three experimental groups. Values are expressed as means ± SD, ‡: p<0.001 vs. Sham, §: p<0.001 vs. IR.</p

Kidney cortex microcirculation measured with laser Doppler flowmeter.

<p>Measured flux is expressed as a percentage of the baseline flux before the aortic clamping. Flux remained at the baseline level after clamping of the infrarenal aorta in all three animal groups. After revascularization of the limbs, a constant impairment of the kidney cortex microcirculatory flux was observed in the ischemia-reperfusion (IR) group (marked with a broken line), while flux was preserved in the Levosimendan (unbroken line) and the Sham (dotted line) groups. Values are expressed as means ± SD, ‡: p<0.001 vs. Sham, §: p<0.001 vs. IR.</p

Heart rate.

<p>Heart rate increased significantly from the baseline during ischemia remained elevated during reperfusion in the IR (ischemia-reperfusion) group (broken line). Levosimendan administration resulted in significantly less elevated HR compared to the IR group during both ischemia and reperfusion (unbroken line). Sham operated group is marked with a dotted line. Values are expressed as means ± SD, †: p<0.01 vs. Sham, ‡: p<0.001 vs. Sham, $: p<0.05 vs. IR, §: p<0.01 vs. IR.</p

Muscle viability.

<p>4 hours after revascularization a marked decrease in viability was detected in the IR (ischemia-reperfusion) group, without any sign of regeneration process 24 hours after reperfusion. Levosimendan administration resulted in significantly preserved viability compared to the IR group at both measured time points (4 and 24 hours). Values are expressed as means ± SD, ‡: p<0.001 vs. Sham, §: p<0.001 vs. IR.</p

Mean arterial pressure.

<p>Blood pressure elevated significantly after aortic clamping and remained elevated throughout the ischemic period in the IR (ischemia-reperfusion) group (broken line). Levosimendan treatment withheld this elevation during ischemia (unbroken line). At the onset of reperfusion a significant drop occurred, but after that, mean arterial pressure increased and then remained elevated in both IR and Levosimendan groups without significant difference between the groups. Sham operated group is marked with a dotted line. Values are expressed as means ± SD, †: p<0.01 vs. Sham, ‡: p<0.001 vs. Sham, §: p<0.001 vs. IR.</p