46 research outputs found
A Social-Cognitive Information-Processing Model for School-Based Aggression Reduction and Prevention Programs: Issues for Research and Practice
Student aggression in schools continues to be a problem. School-based programs are a critical part of the solution. In this article we review research on the development of aggressive behavior within a social-cognitive information-processing (SCIP) framework. Huesmann (1998) presented a unified SCIP model in an attempt to integrate extant models. This model focuses on individuals\u27 (a) attention to and interpretation of situational cues; (b) search for and retrieval of scripts for behavior; (c) script evaluation based on beliefs about aggression, outcome expectancies, and self-efficacy for aggressing or inhibiting aggression; and (d) interpretation of environmental responses to their behavior. We highlight components of best practice school programs that address these steps. Limitations of the SCIP framework are discussed as directions for future research. Applied recommendations based on a unified SCIP model are offered
Long-Term Effects of Parents\u27 Education on Children\u27s Educational and Occupational Success Mediation by Family Interactions, Child Aggression, and Teenage Aspirations
We examine the prediction of individuals\u27 educational and occupational success at age 48 from contextual and personal variables assessed during their middle childhood and late adolescence. We focus particularly on the predictive role of the parents\u27 educational level during middle childhood, controlling for other indices of socioeconomic status and children\u27s IQ, and the mediating roles of negative family interactions, childhood behavior, and late adolescent aspirations. Data come from the Columbia County Longitudinal Study, which began in 1960 when all 856 third graders in a semirural county in New York State were interviewed along with their parents; participants were reinterviewed at ages 19, 30, and 48 (Eron et al., 197 1; Huesmann et al., 2002). Parents\u27 educational level when the child was 8 years old significantly predicted educational and occupational success for the child 40 years later. Structural models showed that parental educational level had no direct effects on child educational level or occupational prestige at age 48 but had significant indirect effects that were independent of the other predictor variables\u27 effects. These indirect effects were mediated through age 19 educational aspirations and age 19 educational level. These results provide strong support for the unique predictive role of parental education on adult outcomes 40 years later and underscore the developmental importance of mediators of parent education effects such as late adolescent achievement and achievement-related aspirations
Foreign Wars and Domestic Prejudice: How Media Exposure to the IsraeliâPalestinian Conflict Predicts Ethnic Stereotyping by Jewish and Arab American Adolescents
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/93529/1/jora785.pd
Childhood and Adolescent Predictors of Early and Middle Adulthood Alcohol Use and Problem Drinking: The Columbia County Longitudinal Study
Aims To examine the role of individually and contextually based factorsmeasured during childhood and adolescence
in predicting alcohol use and abuse measured during early and middle adulthood. Design Initial sample of 856
individuals first interviewed at age 8 with follow-up interviews at 19 (n = 427), 30 (n = 409), and 48 (n = 523).
Participants Individuals enrolled in 3rd-grade classes in Columbia County, NY, in 1960 (49% female; > 90% Caucasian;
primarily working-class families), who were re-sampled in 1970 (51% female), 1981 (52% female) and 2000
(49% female). Measurements Parent reports of negative family interaction and socio-economic statuswhen the child
was 8 years old; IQ test at age 8; peer nominations of aggression, popularity and behavioral inhibition at ages 8 and 19;
self-report of depression and educational attainment at age 19; self-report of alcohol use and problem drinking at ages
30 and 48. Findings Path models showed that the effects of childhood individual variables (e.g. aggression, popularity,
behavioral inhibition) on adulthood alcohol use and abuse generally were mediated by the same behavioral
variables in adolescence. Specifically, both for males and for females, lower levels of behavioral inhibition and higher
levels of aggression predicted adulthood alcohol variables. Childhood contextual variables (family socio-economic
status and negative family interaction) were relatively weak predictors of adulthood alcohol use and abuse.
Conclusions Alcohol use and abuse in adulthood, when considered in a long-term developmentalâcontextual framework,
appear to be consistent with a general deviance model of problem behavior whereby individually based factors
from childhood and late adolescence predict long-term indices of adulthood alcohol use and abuse.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/83441/1/2008.Dubow.Boxer.Huesmann.Childhood&Adolescent Predictors of early&middle adulthood alchohol use.pd
Theoretical and Methodological Considerations in Cross-Generational Research on Parenting and Child Aggressive Behavior
The four studies in this special issue represent important advances in research on the intergenerational transmission of aggressive behavior. In this commentary, we review the key features and findings of these studies, as well as our own cross-generational study of aggression, the Columbia County Longitudinal Study. Next, we consider important theoretical issues (e.g., defining and operationalizing âraggressionâ and âparentingâ assessing reciprocal effects of parenting and child aggression; identifying the ages at which aggression should be assessed across generations; broadening the investigation of contextual and individual factors). We then discuss several methodological issues (e.g., determining the most informative measurement intervals for assessing prospective effects; sampling considerations; measuring potential moderating and mediating variables that might explain cross-generational continuities and discontinuities in parenting and aggression). Finally, we raise implications of cross-generational research for designing interventions targeting the reduction and prevention of child aggression.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44591/1/10802_2004_Article_460121.pd
Serious violent behavior and antisocial outcomes as consequences of exposure to ethnicâpolitical conflict and violence among Israeli and Palestinian youth
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149258/1/ab21818.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149258/2/ab21818_am.pd
Middle childhood and adolescent contextual and personal predictors of adult educational and occupational outcomes: A mediational model in two countries
The authors examined the prediction of occupational attainment by age 40 from contextual and personal
variables assessed during childhood and adolescence in 2 participant samples: (a) the Columbia County
Longitudinal Study, a study of 856 third graders in a semirural county in New York State that began in
1960, and (b) the Jyvašskylaš Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development, a study of 369
eight-year-olds in Jyvašskylaš, Finland, that began in 1968. Both samples were followed up during
adolescence and early and middle adulthood. Structural modeling analyses revealed that in both
countries, for both genders, childrenâs age 8 cognitiveâacademic functioning and their parentsâ occupational
status had independent positive long-term effects on the childrenâs adult occupational attainment,
even after other childhood and adolescent personal variables were controlled for. Further, childhood and
adolescent aggressive behavior negatively affected educational status in early adulthood, which in turn
predicted lower occupational status in middle adulthood.We are grateful to the Center for the Analysis of Pathways from Childhood
to Adulthood, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant
0322356), for research support for these analyses. The Columbia County
Longitudinal Study has been supported by the Columbia County Tuberculosis
and Health Association, Inc. (1960 data collection); the Hudson, New York,
Lions Club (1960); the National Institute of Mental Health (1960, 1970, and
1981); and the National Institute of Child Health and Development (1999â
2002, Grant HD36056). The Jyvaskyla Longitudinal Study of Personality and
Social Development has been funded by the Academy of Finland as a part of
the project (Nos. 40166 and 44858) âHuman Development and Its Risk
Factorsâ (Finnish Centre of Excellence Programme, 1997â2005) and also in
1974â1975, 1979â1980, 1986â1989, and 1991â1996. Support also has been
received from Finlandâs Cultural Foundation, 1986â1988; the Finnish Foundation
for Alcohol Studies, 1986â1987 and 1996; the National Board of
Health, 1981â1982 and 1986â1987; and the University of Jyvaskyla.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/83435/1/2006.Dubow-Huesmann-Boxer-Pulkkinen-Kokko.DevPsych.PredAdultOcc.2006.pd
Exposure to Conflict and Violence across Contexts: Relations to Adjustment among Palestinian Children
Despite extensive literatures on the impact on children of exposure to violence
in families, neighborhoods, and peer groups, there has been relatively little effort
evaluating their cumulative impact. There also has been less attention to the effects of
exposure to political conflict and violence. We collected data from a representative
sample of 600 Palestinian youths (3 age cohorts: 8, 11, and 14 years old) to evaluate
the relation of exposure to political conflict and violence, and violence in the family,
community, and school, to posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms and aggressive
behavior. Results highlight the additive effects of exposure to political conflict and
violence, suggesting that interventionists should consider the full spectrum of sources
of environmental risk for PTS symptoms and aggressive behavior.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/83446/1/2010.DubowEtAl.ExposureToConflict.JCCAP.pd
Risk factors for youth violence: Youth violence commission, International Society For Research On Aggression (ISRA)
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144599/1/ab21766.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144599/2/ab21766_am.pd
Childrenâs Postdisaster Trajectories of PTS Symptoms: Predicting Chronic Distress
BACKGROUND: There are no studies of the distinct trajectories of childrenâs psychological distress over the first year after a destructive natural disaster and the determinants of these trajectories. OBJECTIVE: We examined these issues using an existing dataset of children exposed to Hurricane Andrew, one of the most devastating natural disasters in US history. METHODS: At 3-months postdisaster, 568 children (55 % girls; grades 3â5) residing in areas most directly affected by the hurricane completed measures of hurricane exposure and stressors, social support, coping, and general anxiety. Children also reported major life events occurring since the hurricane (at 7-months) and posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms at 3-, 7-, and 10-months postdisaster. RESULTS: Latent growth mixture modeling identified three trajectories of PTS reactions: resilient (37 %), recovering (43 %), and chronic distress (20 %). Predictors of the trajectories were examined. Odds ratios indicated that, compared to the resilient trajectory, girls were more likely to be in the recovering and chronically distressed trajectories, as were children reporting higher anxiety and greater use of coping strategies that reflected poor emotion regulation. Compared to the recovering trajectory, children in the chronically distressed trajectory had greater odds of reporting high anxiety, less social support, more intervening life events, and greater use of poor emotion regulation strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Hurricane exposure may be less effective in identifying children who develop chronic postdisaster distress than other child (anxiety, coping) and contextual variables (social support, life events). Effective screening after disasters is critical for identifying youth most in need of limited clinical resources