Evaluation of wall thermal performance for vegetation wall

Application of vegetation walls is not a new concept in the realization of facade layer. The integration of vegetation in architectural objects can be a viable approach for the implementation of the facade of new and existing facilities. The vegetation walls are one of the more innovative and developed concepts of green building technology. This fact is based on the original scale buildings with vegetation walls that contribute in improving the overall design performance of buildings and become a significant factor in the process of improving the thermal characteristics of the buildings. This paper explored the potential of new technologies in the realization of vegetation walls in architectural buildings, their thermal characteristics and design potential of the building envelope in the climatic conditions of Belgrade. Research has shown that the application of the proposed design principles vegetation walls may be successful project solutions applied to the building envelope in the climatic conditions of Belgrade. The thesis provides an overview of technical innovations that can be applied in the design process to minimize thermal effects on objects. The study confirmed the possibility of improving the thermal facility by using vegetation wall as the building envelope

Application of PV modules on noise barriers

The aim of this research is to consider possibilities for improving the street lighting on the E75 highway, which passes through Serbia, using renewable sources of energy. In this paper, we analyzed the possibilities for installing sound barriers along the highway and integrating photovoltaic (PV) modules, which would generate electrical energy to power the lighting on the section of the highway running through Belgrade. Sound barriers are necessary along the highway running through populated areas, and they are identified as elements on which PV modules for power generation can be installed. The illumination of the highway powered by conventional sources of electricity is very expensive and has negative environmental impact, which is the reason why this paper investigates the connection between sound barriers and electricity generation from renewable energy sources.The paper seeks to show the hybridity of using sustainable technologies in solving environmental issues. This structure solves the problem of noise in populated areas and provides the electricity from renewable source

Thermal extras of vegetation walls in Belgrade climatic conditions

The goal of this research is to analyse the possibility of using vegetation walls in order to improve the thermal characteristics of office buildings in Belgrade's climatic conditions. The study analyses the possibility of integrating vegetation modules into the fa ades of office buildings. The paper shows the potential of vegetation technologies in the realisation offacade coverings of architectural buildings with a goal to reduce heat gained during summer time. The use of vegetation walls in architecture has opened up new planning possibilities and created planning conditions for reducing the energy necessary for cooling office buildings. Considering that interaction between the outer environment and inner solving the dependency between comfort, outer look and building's energy balance. This paper is presenting the possibility of using sustainable technologies for solving the problem of overheating in Belgrade's climatic conditions. The research considers the possibilities of using vertically greening systems in planning facade coverings, with an analysis of their thermal characteristics for climatic conditions in Belgrade

Razlika između pravde i legitimnosti kao osnova za tumačenje Rolsovog Prava naroda

Članak predstavlja razmatranje Rolsovog koncepta međunarodnih odnosa i analizira pitanja koja su uzrok spornih tumačenja među liberalnim misliocima. Autor polazi od premise da je razlika između pravde i legitimnosti ključna, te da može da objasni većinu spornih mesta, kao i osnovnu nameru i domete Rolsovog učenja. Takođe, tvrdi se kako razlika između „razložnog“ i „pristojnog“, koja je značajna promena u njegovoj koncepciji prava naroda, predstavlja direktan odgovor na Habermasovu kritiku. Autor zaključuje razmatranjem koncepata realističke utopije i izmirenja sa društvenim svetom, i tvrdi da je Habermasova koncepcija „skromnije“ uloge filozofije u modernom društvu u velikoj meri uticala na nastanak i razvoj Rolsovih novih ideja.This article provides an examination of Rawls‘s account of international relations, and discusses some of the issues that sparked debate about it among liberal authors. The author starts with the premise that the difference between justice and legitimacy can explain much of the contested issues, as well as the intent and scope of Rawls‘s approach. Furthermore, it is argued that the distinction between the reasonable and the decent, that characterizes the changes in Rawls‘s view, was specifically formulated as a response to Habermas. The article concludes with the analysis of the notions of realistic utopia and reconciliation with our social world, and argues that Habermas‘s view of a more modest role for philosophy due to »four moral-political liabilities of our time« greatly influences the genesis and development of some of Rawls‘s new ideas

Interpretacija projektantskih rešenja primenom digitalne grafike

Contemporary design solutions that move the boundaries of creativity include the use of digital graphics, in order to get innovative graphical interpretation which includes interventions in space using various element, materials and plants, which requires the use of a combination of different software packages .This paper analyzes the combination of the available graphical software for interpretation projects in the context of landscape architecture profession. Model 'Garden' was created in the 'SketchUp' software for the purpose of visual questionnaire and detailed research work in programs for visualization: 'Photoshop' , 'Lumion' and '3DMax'. Combining the two research methods: study graphic interpretation, 'learning by doing' method in software for digital graphic and research public opinion questionnaire ('Single stimulus' method) led to the results which give recommendations for the use of a combination of appropriate software packages.Savremena dizajnerska rešenja koja pomeraju granice kreativnosti podrazumevaju upotrebu digitalne grafike, u svrhu dobiijanja inovativnih grafičkih interpretacija. Pejzažna arhitektura je transdisciplinarna struka, koja podrazumeva intervencije u prostoru upotrebom različitih elemenata, materijala i biljaka, što zahteva upotrebu i kombinaciju različitih softverskih paketa. Ovaj rad se bavi istraživanjem kombinacija dostupnih grafičkih softvera za interpretaciju projekata u okviru pejzažnoarhitektonske struke. Model 'Vrt' je izrađen u 'SketchUp' softveru za potrebe izrade vizuelnog upitnika kao i detaljnijeg istraživanja rada u programima za vizuelizaciju: 'Photoshop', 'Lumion' i '3DMax'. Kombinacijom dve istraživačke metode: istraživanjem grafičke interpretacije, učenjem kroz rad ('Learning by doing') u softverima za digitalnu grafiku i istraživanjem mišljenja javnog mnjenja upitnikom ('Single stimulans' metodom) došlo se do rezultata koji daju preporuke za upotrebu kombinacije adekvatnih softverskih paketa

The use of renewable energy sources in urban protected cultural–historical ambiences

The aim of this study is a consideration of the possibilities for improving of energy efficiency in protected cultural and historical environments of Belgrade, by using renewable energy sources. The study analyzes the possibilities of integration of photovoltaic (PV) modules within the protected area of the Belgrade Fortress, which is a protected historical whole and cultural good of great importance. The work shows the possibilities of application of PV models, in order to provide the necessary electricity for the needs of the public lighting of Belgrade Fortress and the reduction of consumption of conventional energy sources. This paper aims to show the possibilities of the use of sustainable technologies in solving the problems of public lighting and environmental protection in the protected cultural-historical entities. The application of PV structures solves the problem of lighting in protected areas and provides energy from renewable sources. Systems for the use of renewable energy sources are becoming important architectural elements which have specific designed influences on the layout and form of the facility within which are implemented. The study included the specifics of the design and programmatic interventions in protected urban ambiences, through an analysis of shaped influences of photovoltaic panels to the protected objects and their contribution in the use of renewable energy sources

Quality of silage of mixed sunchoke and lucerne forage

The paper presents the chemical composition, nutritional and usable value of sunchoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) and the possibility of using it for animal nutrition in fresh and canned form. Tests show that sunchoke cut in mid-June contains about 9.43% of crude protein, 2.49% of crude fat, 19.93% of crude cellulose, 50.50% of NFE (nitrogen-free extractives) and 17.65% of ash in the dry matter. Although lucerne biomass had a more favorable chemical composition (18.13% crude protein, 6.72% crude fat, 25.24% crude cellulose, 39.35% BEM and 10.56% ash), the benefits of sunchoke are in the more successful growing in less favorable natural, primarily soil conditions, the more suitable it is for ensiling and the longer it stays on one planted plot. Since it is predominantly an energy (carbohydrate) nutrient, the possibility of ensiling the green biomass of sunchoke in a mixture with 25, 50 and 75% fresh lucerne (25% dry matter) was investigated. The obtained results show that with the increase of lucerne participation, the nutritional value of silage increases, but the quality decreases. In addition to its role in conventional feed production, sunchoke can be an important plant in the system of organic production, production for industrial processing and for extensive cultivation in hunting grounds

Kvaliteta i upotrebni potencijal gradskih parkova: studija slučaja Tašmajdanski park u Beogradu, Srbija

In order to develop a sustainable urban environment, the modern approach to landscape design emphasizes the importance of environmental quality which promotes health and amenity and in which all members of a community can equally meet their needs. An important prerequisite for the design of high-quality parks in landscape design is respecting the needs and expectations of users. The quality of an urban area is the intensity with which open areas are used for the purposes of different activities and it is referred to as the utilization potential of an area. As a result of the extensive research of literature, the quality criteria for city parks are defined as: accessibility, activity / diversity of facilities and equipment, amenity and sociability. This study aims to determine the importance of the proposed quality criteria which are effective in assessing city parks as places for a successful design. The utilization potential is evaluated by using the quality criteria in the case of urban park Tašmajdan in Belgrade. The method of a structured survey was conducted on the sample of 300 randomly selected users. The research results show that the four tested criteria are very important for assessing the utilization potential of a park. Also, the obtained results are important for establishing the principles and recommendations that can be implemented in the process of landscape design, aimed at improving the quality of parks to meet the needs of its users for certain types of activities and achieve the appropriate use of parks.Gradski parkovi kao otvoreni prostori i dijelovi sustava zelenih površina urbanih sredina važan su element cjelokupne strukture grada. Načini njihovog korištenja uvjetovani su razvojem životnog standarda, načinom života i različitim potrebama urbane populacije.Prema konceptu projektiranja parkova koji je primjenjivan do kraja 20. Stoljeća, parkovi su oblikovani tako da omogućavaju aktivno i pasivno korištenje kroz različite oblike rekreacije (šetnja, sjedenje, trčanje, igra djece i druge aktivnosti), no oni u današnje vrijeme ne zadovoljavaju sve zahtjeve suvremenih korisnika te zahtijevaju suvremeniji, odnosno postmoderni kontekst promatranja. Naime, u dosadašnjem procesu pejzažnog oblikovanja nedostaje važan preduvjet za projektiranje kvalitetnih parkova, a to je uvažavanje potreba i očekivanja korisnika. Budući da se temom parkova bave različite discipline, od tehničkih do humanističkih, kao rezultat interdisciplinarnog pregleda literature, u smislu korisnika prostora, izdvojeni su kriteriji za procjenu kvalitete parkova: pristupačnost prostora; pogodnost za različite vrste aktivnosti (raznovrsnost sadržaja i opremljenost); ugodnost boravka (u zavisnosti od mikroklimatskih uvjeta – mogućnosti zasjene, sigurnost prostora itd.) i društvenost (mogućnost ostvarivanja socijalnih aktivnosti). Ciljevi su: (1) utvrditi značaj odabranih kriterija kvalitete u procjeni uspješnosti projektiranja gradskih par­kova; i (2) ocijeniti upotrebni potencijal gradskog parka Tašmajdan u Beogradu korištenjem odabranih kriterija kvalitete.U istraživanju je korištena metoda anketiranja na uzorku od 300 korisnika. Anketiranje je provedeno prema utvrđenom protokolu metodom slučajnog uzorka, tokom rujna kao mjeseca u kojem vremenski uvjeti pogoduju odvijanju aktivnosti na otvorenom prostoru.Na temelju anketnog upitnika utvrđena je struktura ispitanika (spol, dob, stupanj obrazovanja, ekonomske mogućnosti i dr.) i njihovi stavovi o predmetu istraživanja: pristupačnosti, pogodnosti za različite vrste aktivnosti (raznovrsnost sadržaja i opremljenost parka), ugodnost prostora i mogućnosti ostvarivanja socijalnih aktivnosti, održavanja parka, postojanje sukoba sa drugim korisnicima parka i dr. U odnosu na socijalni način korištenja prostora vrednovan je upotrebni potencijal istraživanog parka postavljanjem pitanja, kako bi se ustanovilo koliko se park uspješno koristi (pojedinačna ili grupna posjeta parku, razgovor sa drugim korisnicima parka itd.).Obrada i analiza podataka izvršena je Microsoft Office Excel 2007 i statističkim programom SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 10.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL.). Pregledom i interpretacijom rezultata izvedeni su zaključci:– Položaj i pristupačnost gradskog parka ispitanici su ocijenili srednjom ocjenom od 4.54, što ukazuje na njihovo zadovoljstvo blizinom stanica gradskog prijevoza i mogućnošću dolaska u park pješice. Povezanost prostornih cjelina u parku stazama i mogućnost kretanja stazama u željenom pravcu koje kod korisnika stvaraju sigurnost, također su ocijenjene visokom srednjom ocjenom (4.36). Dobra pristupačnost i unutarnja povezanost, uz osjećaj sigurnosti povećavaju uporabni potencijal parka.– Na temelju stavova ispitanika o raznovrsnosti sadržaja i opremljenosti prostora za različite vrste aktivnosti prepoznat je nedostatak sadržaja posebno namijenjenih mlađim dobnim skupinama (tinejdžeri), ali i i starijoj populaciji (sportski tereni, dječija igrališta, stolovi i klupe u hladu). Također nedostaje uslužni prostor za iznajmljivanje bicikala i rola, kao i ograda oko parka. Istraživanjem različitih vrsta aktivnosti i potreba korisnika evidentirani su i sukobi različitih grupa korisnika istog prostora.– Ukupna ugodnost prostora Tašmajdanskog parka je ocijenjena kao vrlo dobra (4.06). Međutim, ispitanici daju najnižu ocenu za udobnost klupa u parku i neodostatak prostora za sjedenje koji su u hladu.– Kako 77 % ipitanika posjećuje park s prijateljima i 51 % ispitanika razgovara s drugim korisnicima parka, dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da sa socijalnog gledišta korištenja prostora park ispunjava svoju funkciju. Rezultati ukazuju da na kvalitetu gradskih parkova bitno utječu upravljanje i održavanje. Stoga je neophodno uvođenje jasno prepoznatljive službe koja će se baviti upravljanjem i održavanjem parka.Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na upotrebljivost četiri korištena kriterija za procjenu upotrebnog potencijala parka. Dobiveni rezultati daju podlogu za izradu preporuka za unapređenje procesa pejsažnog oblikovanja i projektiranja u gradu, u cilju poboljšanja kvalitete parkova i zadovoljavanja potreba korisnika za određenim vrstama aktivnosti, što će unaprijediti i samu razinu korištenja ovih prostora