Study of neutron multiplicity in 232^{232}Th (n,f) reaction using TALYS-1.96

The nuclear scientific community views $^{232}$Th as an option for fuel in the future nuclear energy program. Numerous experimental studies have been conducted to determine the cross-section; however, very few have been performed to calculate the total neutron multiplicity above 10 MeV energy. In this work, we have compared the experimental data of average neutron multiplicity at different incident energies from EXFOR with the evaluated data from ENDF/B-VI, JENDL-4.0, and the calculated data from TALYS-1.96. The experimental data are in good agreement with the evaluated data from both the ENDF/B-VI and JENDL-4.0 libraries and at high incident energy (7 MeV), the TALYS-1.96 data are also in agreement with the experimental data

SCREENING OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES

Objective: Our objective of this research work was to investigate antimicrobial activity of five species of traditionally used medicinal plants namely Adhatoda vasica, Artemisia annua, Cordia oblique, Croton bonplandianum and Euphorbia milli against different strains of bacteria and fungi which are known to cause various types of infectious diseases.Methods: Organic extracts of these plants leaves (dry) were prepared, and antimicrobial sensitivity of these organic extracts (Hexane, chloroform, acetone, and methanol) against selected bacterial and fungal strains were performed by disc diffusion assay method and Resazurin-based Microtitre Dilution Assay method.Results: Among these plants, Cordia oblique (chloroform extract) and Croton bonplandianum (Hexane extract), which showed superior antimicrobial activity in the primary screening test. Croton bonplandianum showed the maximum yield (7.3%) and Adhatoda vasica showed minimum yield (0.57) of plant extract. Chloroform extracts of Cordia oblique and hexane extract of Croton bonplandianum showed very good antimicrobial activity (MIC 0.37 mg/ml) against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. With this Artemisia annua (chloroform extract) showed very remarkable antifungal activity (MIC 0.37 mg/ml) against Aspergillus niger. Among the different fractions (Hexane, chloroform, acetone and methanol) tested for antimicrobial activity, the non-polar fractions were more active than the polar fractions.Conclusion: In this study all the tested plants Adhatoda vasica, Artemisia annua, Cordia oblique, Croton bonplandianum and Euphorbia milli showed antimicrobial activity against at least one strain of bacterium and fungus. This might justify their claimed uses in the treatment of various infectious diseases. Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Crude plant extracts, Organic extracts, Medicinal plant

Vaccine and antibody production in plants : developments and computational tools

K.K.D. and P.S. sincerely acknowledge the support and facility provided by the M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana. P.S. acknowledges the infrastructural support from Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India through FIST grant (Grant No. 1196 SR/FST/LS-I/2017/4).Plants as bioreactors have been widely used to express efficient vaccine antigens against viral, bacterial and protozoan infections. To date, many different plant-based expression systems have been analyzed, with a growing preference for transient expression systems. Antibody expression in diverse plant species for therapeutic applications is well known, and this review provides an overview of various aspects of plant-based biopharmaceutical production. Here, we highlight conventional and gene expression technologies in plants along with some illustrative examples. In addition, the portfolio of products that are being produced and how they relate to the success of this field are discussed. Stable and transient gene expression in plants, agrofiltration and virus infection vectors are also reviewed. Further, the present report draws attention to antibody epitope prediction using computational tools, one of the crucial steps of vaccine design. Finally, regulatory issues, biosafety and public perception of this technology are also discussed.PostprintPeer reviewe

Catheter Related Infection In Geriatric Population On Hemodialysis, A Study From Central India

Abstract: The patients of geriatric age group are more venerable to the renal failure due to various etiology. As age advances the immunity of patients also decreases and these patients are more prone for the infection related to the hemodialysis catheter. 37 patients of geriatric age group having age > 60 years on hemodialysis were included for the purpose of study admitted in Nephrology Unit, Pt.J.N.M. Medical College Raipur from was studied. In this study male affected more as compare to female. Catheter related infection was more common with patients having moderate to severe anemia. Infection more common in patients with hypoalbuminemia. Leukocytosis was seen in most of patients having catheter related infection.More was the duration of catheter more was the infection related complication. Catheter related infection more common in Hypothyroidism with Femoral catheter

Improving Production of Tacrolimus In Streptomyces Tacrolimicus (ATCC 55098) Through Development of Novel Mutant by Dual Mutagenesis

ABSTRACT Tacrolimus is a polyketide macrolide produced by Streptomyces species which is widely used as anti-fibrotic agent and potent immunosuppressant. In this article dual mutagenesis approach using mutagens (NTG+EMS+UV) was used to develop a mutant strain of Streptomyces tacrolimicus (ATCC 55098) for higher tacrolimus production and this strain showed higher tacrolimus production at 82.5 mg/l. Interestingly; addition of L-Lysine (0.2 g/l) into the production medium further enhanced the tacrolimus production to ~102 mg/l at 7-L fed-batch bioreactor. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report mentioning efficient strain development for higher production of tacrolimus using dual mutagenesis. The obtained data presents an impressive model for higher production of tacrolimus and enhanced our understanding regarding improvement in production capacity of tacrolimus in Streptomyces tacrolimicus

Hemodynamic stress response during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Effect of two different doses of intravenous clonidine premedication

Background : Clonidine has emerged as an attractive premedication desirable in laparoscopic surgery wherein significant hemodynamic stress response is seen. The minimum safe and effective dose of intravenous clonidine to attenuate the hemodynamic stress response during laparoscopic surgery has however not yet been determined. Materials and Methods : This prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled study was conducted on 90 adults of ASA physical status I and II, scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Patients were randomized to one of the three groups (n= 30). Group I received 100 ml of normal saline, while groups II and III received 1 μg/ kg and 2 μg/ kg of clonidine respectively, intravenous, in 100 ml of normal saline along. All patients received glycopyrrolate 0.004 mg/kg and tramadol 1.5 mg/kg intravenously, 30 min before induction. Hemodynamic variables (heart rate, systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure), SpO2, and sedation score were recorded at specific timings. MAP above 20% from baseline was considered significant and treated with nitroglycerine. Results : In group I, there was a significant increase in hemodynamic variables during intubation pneumoperitoneum and extubation (P<0.001). Clonidine given 1 μg/kg intravenous attenuated hemodynamic stress response to pneumoperitoneum (P<0.05), but not that associated with intubation and extubation. Clonidine 2 μg/kg intravenous prevented hemodynamic stress response to pneumoperitoneum and that associated with intubation and extubation (P<0.05). As against 14 and 2 patients in groups I and II respectively, no patient required nitroglycerine infusion in group III. Conclusions : Clonidine, 2 μg/ kg intravenously, 30 min before induction is safe and effective in preventing the hemodynamic stress response during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Vaccine and antibody production in plants:developments and computational tools

Plants as bioreactors have been widely used to express efficient vaccine antigens against viral, bacterial and protozoan infections. To date, many different plant-based expression systems have been analyzed, with a growing preference for transient expression systems. Antibody expression in diverse plant species for therapeutic applications is well known, and this review provides an overview of various aspects of plant-based biopharmaceutical production. Here, we highlight conventional and gene expression technologies in plants along with some illustrative examples. In addition, the portfolio of products that are being produced and how they relate to the success of this field are discussed. Stable and transient gene expression in plants, agrofiltration and virus infection vectors are also reviewed. Further, the present report draws attention to antibody epitope prediction using computational tools, one of the crucial steps of vaccine design. Finally, regulatory issues, biosafety and public perception of this technology are also discussed