Depression and anxiety - inseparable companions of a student? - prevalence of mental disorders in the academic environment, factors predisposing to their occurrence, treatment, forms of assistance

The studies have a bad reputation for being a demanding and difficult experience for a young person. Studies are a time that presents young adults with many challenges and induces the necessity of numerous sacrifices, as well as provides a huge dose of everyday stress. Taking into account the current pace of life, to which man as a species is not evolutionarily adapted, juxtaposed with everyday extreme stressors, the question arises - what are the consequences and costs of a young man in response to such a lifestyle. What mental health problems can arise from experiencing long-term stress? The aim of this work is to summarize and collect available information on the prevalence, factors predisposing to the occurrence and forms of help and treatment of depression, and to list the most popular mental disorders in the group of students

Electric scooters a growing public health problem

Electric scooters have recently become the most popular means of transport chosen to move around urban agglomerations. It is estimated that by the end of 2024, the number of scooters on the roads around the world will increase by about 600% compared to 2019. Easy access to rental and low purchase price significantly convince many people around the world to use this form of transport. This review article aims to show what a serious health risk a scooter can be. The issue of the most common injuries related to the use of this type of vehicle was also discussed. The growing popularity of electric vehicles brings with it the possibility of recording more and more cases of injuries related to electric scooters. Numerous violations of road rules and riding a scooter under the influence of alcohol, in most cases without protective clothing, significantly contribute to the formation of high-energy injuries in victims

Vaccination against HPV (Human Papilloma virus) for women - why is it still recommended and not obligatory in Poland?

The most common sexually transmitted viral infection in the world is human papillomavirus (HPV). More than 100 types of HPV, both cutaneous and mucosal, have been characterized. Some HPV genotypes are the cause of cancer, which emphasizes the importance of infection prevention, including the use of vaccination against human papilloma virus.The following work aims to emphasize the role of vaccination in the prevention of HPV infection, discuss the transmission routes of this pathogen as well as diagnostics and treatment methods

Selenium and the impact of its supplementation on subclinical hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is a common disease, very often associated with an autoimmune reaction of the body leading to lymphocytic infiltration within the thyroid gland, i.e. Hashimoto's disease. In the classification of disease entities involving the functioning of the thyroid gland, subclinical hypothyroidism can also be distinguished - a condition in which peripheral thyroid hormone concentrations are within normal limits, but as a result of the inhibition of negative feedback loops, the TSH value increases. The subject of this paper is the consideration of the potential impact of selenium supplementation - an element included in bioactivators associated with the thyroid gland, responsible, among others, for the production of an active form of thyroid hormones, for the possibility of achieving euthyroidism in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, using only rational selenium supplementation, without the use of exogenous thyroid hormones

Acute hepatic porphyria - classification, diagnosis and treatment

Porphyrias belong to the group of inherited metabolic diseases. Each of the four types of acute hepatic porphyria is caused by a different mutation in the gene of an enzyme involved in the heme biosynthetic pathway. The literature distinguishes between: Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP), Hereditary Coproporphyria (HCP), Variegate Porphyria (VP) and Aminolevulinic Dehydratic ADP (ADP) deficiency. -deficient Porphyria). Deficiency of individual enzymes leads to ineffective heme production and accumulation of neurotoxic intermediates - the so-called porphyrins. Two excess metabolites are of major importance in diagnostics - ALA (amionolevulinic acid) and PBG (porphobilinogen). In most cases, the activity of the less functional enzyme is so high that the disease never becomes apparent (latent form). Excessive accumulation of porphyrin precursors is associated with exposure to porphyrinogenic factors, leading to a seizure whose symptoms are closely related to autonomic, peripheral neuropathy, and accompanying neuropsychiatric disorders. In diagnostics, particular attention should be paid to the circumstances of the symptoms and the history of the patient's disease, which often includes numerous episodes of unexplained abdominal pain, which was so severe that it forced the patient to report to emergency departments. A severe attack of porphyria is a medical emergency and requires hospitalization. Failure to diagnose or properly treat it may result in flaccid tetraplegia, respiratory failure, brain edema, coma, and sudden circulation detention

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on suicide attacks among children and adolescents comparison of statistics from 2013-2021. Prophylaxis of suicidal behavior among children and adolescents

According to statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO), 800,000 people a year die for themselves worldwide. Suicide is one of the leading causes of death among adolescents in many countries. Research conducted by organizations such as WHO or IASP (International Association for Suicide Prevention) and, according to the data of the Polish Police Headquarters, show that there is an upward trend in suicide behavior worldwide. The social factors of suicidal behavior include the issues of: isolation and social support, suicides in agricultural regions, ties to war, ties with religion, suicides in prisons or the impact of unemployment on suicides. Personal factors include individual susceptibility to suicidal behavior: the feeling of hopelessness, memory distortion and other factors that compose the psychological approach as a whole. Taking into account the Covid-19 pandemic that has prevailed for 2 years and the war taking place just outside our country, in Poland in 2020 and 2021 a significant increase in suicidal behavior among children and adolescents was noticed. Nevertheless, Poles are still not aware of the problem of suicidal behavior in the country, if only because there are still few social campaigns that consciously and appropriately address this problem. Suicide is still a socially embarrassing problem, and the preparation of a wider-ranging initiative on this issue requires not only financial outlays, but also detailed substantive studies

What impact do the current anti-vaccine movementsand the Covid-19 pandemic have on the vaccination coverage of Poles? Statistical analysis of epidemiological data on the level of vaccination of Poles in the years 2001-2020

Vaccine-preventable diseases are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. As new vaccines prove effective and the incidence of some infections decreases, vaccination practices are changing. Therefore, every year in Poland, the need for preventive vaccination on given pathogenic entities in the population is verified and analyzed. Every year, the Chief Sanitary Inspector  issues a communication pursuant to Article 17(11) of the Act of 5 December 2008 on preventing and combating infections and infectious diseases in humans (Journal of Laws of 2020, item 1845, as amended(1)) and announces the Preventive Vaccination Program for a given calendar year. The communication contains mandatory and recommended vaccinations, rules for carrying out vaccinations and general information on this principle of carrying out and organizing vaccination. Most vaccine-preventable diseases still carry a significant risk of recurrence and epidemics  in the coming years

A brand new medical condition - 6 years old patient with neurological symptoms diagnosed with PIMS-TS (Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome – Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2) - case report

Children's multi-system inflammatory syndrome PIMS-TS is a completely new challenge for pediatricians, which has established a separate branch of the fight against the still active COVID-19 pandemic. It turns out that even a pediatric patient who has not suffered symptomatic infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as a result of contact with this pathogen, can develop a severe systemic inflammatory reaction rich in symptoms originating in almost every system of the human body. The first reports of the inflammatory syndrome that is the subject of this work come from May 2020. It is known that the symptoms of PIMS are caused by a multi-system inflammatory response in the body, potentially related to the immune system. The course of this disease may bring to mind other inflammatory diseases in children, such as Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome and MAS macrophage activation syndrome

The role of vitamin D in the human body and the benefits and risks of its supplementation

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in society and the growing awareness of related health problems have resulted in the widespread use of vitamin D supplementation. The source of vitamin D is skin synthesis with the participation of ultraviolet radiation (UVB) and its supply with the diet. The inability to cover the daily requirement for vitamin D without an additional source of vitamin D means that the society most often reaches for dietary supplements that do not have the properties of a medicinal product. The use of over-the-counter supplements, where the actual dose of the vitamin may differ from the dose declared by the manufacturers, may result in a lack of benefit from the food product when the vitamin D content is too low or lead to hypervitaminosis when the content is too high

Urinary tract infection in children - short versus standard duration antibiotic therapy

Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common infection in children. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are very important to reduce the morbidity. Pediatric urologists are now faced with a situation that requires appropriate action- antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens is significantly increasing worldwide. Objective: The purpose of our work is to present the clinical aspects of antibiotic use in pediatric urology. To present the benefits of both short antibiotic therapy and standard antibiotic therapy.  Methods and materials: A literature review was conducted in the PubMed database, using the key words: "urinary tract infection", "children", "short-term antibiotics", "antibiotics", „nephrology”. Results: Short-term antibiotic therapy for lower urinary tract infections appears to be as effective as standard therapy. Studies show that shorter antibiotic therapy also works well for pyelonephritis in pediatric patients. Children who have received a short course of antibiotic therapy may also be less likely to get subsequent infections in the future with a more resistant strain of the same uropathogen. Conclusion: Tried to reconcile the latest reports on diagnosis, treatment and follow-up in pediatric UTIs with existing practice and opinions on the use of short as well as standard antibiotic therapy. However, more clinical trials are needed to confirm efficacy, and to assess side effects of the therapy&nbsp