Influence Of Oral Characteristics And Food Products On Masticatory Function.

Mastication is a complex process that involves activities of the facial muscles, the elevator and suprahyoidal muscles, and the tongue. These activities result in patterns of rhythmic mandibular movements, food manipulation, and the crushing of food between the teeth. Saliva facilitates mastication by moistening food particles, making a bolus, and assisting swallowing, whereas food consistency modifies masticatory forces, the mandibular jaw movements, the duration of the mastication cycle, and the number of cycles preceding the first swallow. Jaw elevator EMG activity research shows a clear relation between muscular activity and food properties. The teeth, masticatory muscles, and temporomandibular joints are also important because together they form the mechanism by which the food particles are fragmented. Hard and dry foods require more chewing cycles and a longer time in the mouth until swallowing for sufficient breakdown to take place and for enough saliva to be added to form a coherent bolus safe enough for swallowing. Product characteristics, the amount of saliva, dentition, and bite force affect the chewing performance. This study presents an update and synopsis of the effects of saliva, food, dentition, muscle force, and temporomandibular disorders on the masticatory process.64193-20

Associations between Psychological Factors and the Presence of Deleterious Oral Habits in Children and Adolescents

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the associations between psychological factors and the presence of deleterious oral habits in children and adolescents. Study Design: 147 students aged 8 to 14-years-old were divided in two groups concerning the presence and absence of DOH: Habit group (HG) and Habit free group (HFG). Participants were asked about the presence of DOH using the domain III (Oral Habits) of the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S). Symptoms of anxiety and depression were evaluated using the Brazilian Portuguese versions of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), respectively. Saliva was collected 30min after waking and at night to determine the diurnal decline in salivary cortisol (DDSC). Data were analyzed using the Chi-squared, Mann-Whitney, Spearman's correlation and logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of DOH was higher in females than males (65.1 vs 34.9; p<0.05). The most frequent DOH was nail biting (58.7%). HG presented more depressive symptoms than HFG (p<0.05). There was positive correlation between salivary cortisol levels and age (p<0.01). Logistic regression analysis found association between symptoms of anxiety and the presence of DOH (OR=2.35; p<0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, children and adolescents with DOH presented more symptoms of depression than their counterparts. Moreover, they were more likely to report symptoms of anxiety.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Univ Estadual Campinas, Piracicaba Dent Sch, Dept Pediat Dent, Piracicaba, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biol Sci, Diadema, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biol Sci, Diadema, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 2007/06863-0Web of Scienc

Salivary alpha-amylase and hormones levels of young adults with different body composition

The aim of this study was to assess the differences in salivary biomarker levels of young adults classified according to body fat accumulation. One hundred and thirty-four volunteers were evaluated (mean age 212years). Body composition was calculated through skinfold thickness: supra-iliac, biceps, and triceps, sub-scapular. Body fat percentage (BF%) was used to classify subjects according to fat tissue accumulation: normal-weight (n=37, 19 females, 18 males), overweight (n=42, 30 females, 12 males), and obese (n=55, 42 females, 13 males). Saliva samples were collected 30min after awakening to determine salivary levels of 17-beta-estradiol. For salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase activity (sAA) three samples were obtained, just after awakening, 30min after awakening and at bedtime. Oral contraceptive intake was considered for the female group. The results showed that overweight and obese females using oral contraceptive presented lower levels of 17--estradiol than normal-weight females. In overweight and obese males, sAA levels were higher 30min post-awakening when compared with the normal-weight group. The comparison of sAA levels within time showed no difference for males; obese females showed significant higher values at bedtime than 30 min post-awakening. The salivary cortisol concentration showed higher values at morning decreasing significantly at bedtime for all groups. Concluding, differences in 17--estradiol and sAA levels were found in females and males, respectively, according to body fat accumulation, showing the usefulness of salivary biomarkers in the study of systemic conditions5014552CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP309588/2011-12010/19616-3; 2010/02020-

Evaluation of masticatory parameters in overweight and obese children

Mastication is an essential function that prepares the food for swallowing and digestion and may be related to nutritional status. Thus, the aims of this study were to evaluate the masticatory parameters in overweight and obese children and the relation between bite force and anthropometric evaluation, food consistency, breast/bottle-feeding, and occlusion. The sample consisted of 204 children of both genders, age range 8-10 years, divided into normal weight, overweight, and obese. Unilateral bite force was measured using a digital gnatodynamometer with 10mm force fork. Anthropometric and nutritional evaluation involved the measurements of body mass index and skeletal muscle mass using bioelectric impedance analysis. Occlusion was evaluated as regards orthodontic treatment need and food consistency was analysed using a structured questionnaire. In addition, the time of breast- and bottle-feeding was investigated. The results were submitted to chi-square and correlation tests, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression to determine the relation between bite force and the independent variables under study (alpha = 0.05). Statistical analysis showed that the time of breast- and bottle-feeding and food consistency did not differ among groups. The regression model showed that body mass index, orthodontic treatment need, and body skeletal muscle mass contributed significantly to the variation in bite force. Breast- and bottle-feeding behaviour and food consistency did not differ in normal-weight, overweight, and obese children. However, bite force was dependent on body skeletal muscle mass, body mass index, and orthodontic treatment need384393397FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2011/15621-5; 2012/04492-

Signs And Symptoms Of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction In Children With Primary Dentition.

The presence of signs and symptoms of TMD in 99 children with primary dentition was evaluated through clinical exam and a questionnaire. The results showed that 34.34% presented signs and/or symptoms of TMD. Among the children with symptoms, 50% presented at least one sign or more, differing significantly from the ones without symptoms, and from those 21.6% presented sign (p = 0.0185). The most prevalent symptom was frequent headache (7.07%) followed by jaw pain (4.04%), earache (3.03%) and difficulty in swallowing (3.03%). The most prevalent sign was jaw deviation (18.18%) followed by occlusal interferences (7.07%), asymmetric condylar movement (5.05%) and TMJ sounds (3.03%). We concluded that signs and symptoms of TMD are present in early ages, even though in a small number of children.2853-

One-year Clinical Evaluation Of Oral Rehabilitation After The Loss Of Multiple Primary Teeth.

This article describes a one-year follow-up of the prosthetic rehabilitation of a child who lost multiple primary teeth due to widespread dental caries. Clinical and radiographic examinations indicated the need for all primary teeth to be extracted. Following the extractions, complete maxillary and mandibular removable prostheses with individualized occlusion and age-appropriate artificial teeth were fitted for functional and esthetic rehabilitation. The treatment improved the patient's speech, masticatory function, and facial esthetics, contributing to the development of normal dietary habits and social integration.59230-

Evaluation of oral mechanical and gustatory sensitivities and salivary cotinine levels in adult smokers

The aim was to examine oral mechanical and gustatory sensitivities in adult smokers and to estimate salivary levels of cotinine by tobacco consumption. A total of 54 adults (20-45 years old; 28 males/26 females) were divided into two sex-paired groups: smoker group (n = 27), tobacco consumers with no other chronic disease/use of chronic medication, and a control non-smoker non-exposed group with similar age (n = 27). Materials and Methods: 24 h-Recall was used to gather information about tobacco consumption, date of onset and duration of the habit. Oral mechanical evaluation comprised touch detection threshold (MDT) of upper and lower lips and tongue tip and two-point discrimination (TPD) assessments. Taste sensitivities for sweet, salty, sour and bitter were evaluated in four concentrations. Salivary cotinine was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Statistical analysis comprised Mann-Whitney, Two-way ANOVA test and regression analysis. Results: The mean smoking time was 13.6 years (mean 8.4 mg/day; 13 cigarettes/day). A sex-effect was observed on MDT of tongue tip (higher sensitivity in females), while group-effect was observed on TPD of lower lip, showing a smaller sensitivity among smokers (p < .05; moderate effect: Eta partial(2) = 0.076). Although the total score of gustatory sensitivity did not differ between groups, smokers exhibited an irregular pattern of correctly identified tastants among the different concentrations of salty, sour and bitter. The predictive model showed that salivary cotinine was dependent on "nicotine consumption on the day before" (R-2 = 49%). Conclusion: A difference in tactile sensitivity of the lower lip and qualitative changes in taste sensitivity were observed in smokers784256264CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ129689/2016-