439 research outputs found
Investigation of the role of Streptococcus pneumoniae surface proteins PspA and PspC
S. pneumoniae has a relatively fast growth rate and can reach high cell densities in infections environments and can cause severe diseases, like hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). As part of its life cycle, S. pneumoniae remodel the genome by taking up and incorporating of exogenous DNA from other pneumococci or viruses. This can facilitate the spread of antibiotic resistance and evasion of vaccine-induced immunity and makes it necessary to search for novel targets, to understand the diversity, as well as the immune escape strategies of this pathogenic bacterium. S. pneumoniae has developed different strategies to evade or limit complement mediated opsonization and subsequent phagocytosis. Furthermore, sequence variation suggests that the two immune evasion proteins PspA and PspC are important for interaction of pneumococci with the host. Given the multifunctional characteristics and mosaic structure of PspA and PspC, it is important to investigate the domain composition of the proteins among different strains and in particular among clinical isolates. S. pneumoniae can induce pneumococcal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). To characterize the role of HUS inducing strains, we evaluated 48 S. pneumoniae strains isolated from patients. These diseases associated isolates, Sp-HUS show strong complement resistance when challenged with complement active human serum. Sp-HUS strains show lower levels of surface C3 deposition, as compared to a pathogenic, strain D39. Consequently Sp-HUS strains evade host complement rather efficiently. In addition, I show that Sp-HUS strains have specific PspA and PspC variants which include unique domain profiles. By evaluating complement resistance of Sp-HUS, PspA interacting with the human complement regulator C3 and PspC binding with human Factor H together assisted Sp-HUS to resist and evade from the complement
The ternary Goldbach problem with the Piatetski-Shapiro primes
With the help of the transference principle, we prove that for any
, every sufficiently large odd can be represented
as the sum of three primes , and , where for each , is of the form .Comment: This is a very preliminary manuscript, which maybe contains some
mistake
DeepSolo: Let Transformer Decoder with Explicit Points Solo for Text Spotting
End-to-end text spotting aims to integrate scene text detection and
recognition into a unified framework. Dealing with the relationship between the
two sub-tasks plays a pivotal role in designing effective spotters. Although
transformer-based methods eliminate the heuristic post-processing, they still
suffer from the synergy issue between the sub-tasks and low training
efficiency. In this paper, we present DeepSolo, a simple detection transformer
baseline that lets a single Decoder with Explicit Points Solo for text
detection and recognition simultaneously. Technically, for each text instance,
we represent the character sequence as ordered points and model them with
learnable explicit point queries. After passing a single decoder, the point
queries have encoded requisite text semantics and locations and thus can be
further decoded to the center line, boundary, script, and confidence of text
via very simple prediction heads in parallel, solving the sub-tasks in text
spotting in a unified framework. Besides, we also introduce a text-matching
criterion to deliver more accurate supervisory signals, thus enabling more
efficient training. Quantitative experiments on public benchmarks demonstrate
that DeepSolo outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods and achieves better
training efficiency. In addition, DeepSolo is also compatible with line
annotations, which require much less annotation cost than polygons. The code
will be released.Comment: The code will be available at
https://github.com/ViTAE-Transformer/DeepSol
Diffraction-Free Bloch Surface Waves
In this letter, we demonstrate a novel diffraction-free Bloch surface wave
(DF-BSW) sustained on all-dielectric multilayers that does not diffract after
being passed through three obstacles or across a single mode fiber. It can
propagate in a straight line for distances longer than 110 {\mu}m at a
wavelength of 633 nm and could be applied as an in-plane optical virtual probe,
both in air and in an aqueous environment. The ability to be used in water, its
long diffraction-free distance, and its tolerance to multiple obstacles make
this DF-BSW ideal for certain applications in areas such as the biological
sciences, where many measurements are made on glass surfaces or for which an
aqueous environment is required, and for high-speed interconnections between
chips, where low loss is necessary. Specifically, the DF-BSW on the dielectric
multilayer can be used to develop novel flow cytometry that is based on the
surface wave, but not the free space beam, to detect the surface-bound targets
Optical Quantum Sensing for Agnostic Environments via Deep Learning
Optical quantum sensing promises measurement precision beyond classical
sensors termed the Heisenberg limit (HL). However, conventional methodologies
often rely on prior knowledge of the target system to achieve HL, presenting
challenges in practical applications. Addressing this limitation, we introduce
an innovative Deep Learning-based Quantum Sensing scheme (DQS), enabling
optical quantum sensors to attain HL in agnostic environments. DQS incorporates
two essential components: a Graph Neural Network (GNN) predictor and a
trigonometric interpolation algorithm. Operating within a data-driven paradigm,
DQS utilizes the GNN predictor, trained on offline data, to unveil the
intrinsic relationships between the optical setups employed in preparing the
probe state and the resulting quantum Fisher information (QFI) after
interaction with the agnostic environment. This distilled knowledge facilitates
the identification of optimal optical setups associated with maximal QFI.
Subsequently, DQS employs a trigonometric interpolation algorithm to recover
the unknown parameter estimates for the identified optical setups. Extensive
experiments are conducted to investigate the performance of DQS under different
settings up to eight photons. Our findings not only offer a new lens through
which to accelerate optical quantum sensing tasks but also catalyze future
research integrating deep learning and quantum mechanics
PNT-Edge: Towards Robust Edge Detection with Noisy Labels by Learning Pixel-level Noise Transitions
Relying on large-scale training data with pixel-level labels, previous edge
detection methods have achieved high performance. However, it is hard to
manually label edges accurately, especially for large datasets, and thus the
datasets inevitably contain noisy labels. This label-noise issue has been
studied extensively for classification, while still remaining under-explored
for edge detection. To address the label-noise issue for edge detection, this
paper proposes to learn Pixel-level NoiseTransitions to model the
label-corruption process. To achieve it, we develop a novel Pixel-wise Shift
Learning (PSL) module to estimate the transition from clean to noisy labels as
a displacement field. Exploiting the estimated noise transitions, our model,
named PNT-Edge, is able to fit the prediction to clean labels. In addition, a
local edge density regularization term is devised to exploit local structure
information for better transition learning. This term encourages learning large
shifts for the edges with complex local structures. Experiments on SBD and
Cityscapes demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in relieving the impact
of label noise. Codes are available at https://github.com/DREAMXFAR/PNT-Edge.Comment: Accepted by ACM-MM 202
- …