The Amulets of German Merovingian Aristocracy

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] The amulets referred to in this paper were found mainly in the eastern part of the Frankish tribal lands. There, in the Rhineland, Christianity did not hold as much ground in the 6th and 7th centuries as during later periods. Therefore, members of the Frankish aristocracy (a clear indication of the social strata the owners of the jewelry belonged to are the materials, i.e., precious metals, that the pieces were made of) preferred to rely on tried and tested amulets based on the native religious conventions rather than on Christian imagery (e.g., baptismal crosses)

Treatment of waste water containing waste oil

© 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The dependence of flow separation membrane emulsion on its stability. The results of the investigation of the stability of emulsified among the various qualitative composition. The experiments on the separation of the most stable emulsion of oil-based mark “I-20A” and surfactant mark “Kosintol-242” of various concentrations followed by a discussion of the experimental data and the identification of the zeta potential and particle size of the dispersed phase of the original emulsion and the filtrate. The substantiation of the need for further purification emulsification media, in particular adsorption methods of alternative sorbents with a brief overview of the results of relevant studies.A principal flowsheet wastewater containing waste oil

Membrane treatment of water containing spent cooling fluids

© 2020, "Ore and Metals" Publishing house. All rights reserved. The possibility for purification of spent emulsions of cooling fluids (coolant) formed during the processing of steels from alloyed and ferrous steels using membrane methods has been investigated. The main physicochemical and chemical methods for treatment of spent coolant are briefly reviewed: coagulation and flocculation, flotation, adsorption, oxidation using various oxidizing agents. The model emulsion based on I-20A oil was cleaned using polyacrylonitrile membranes (PAN) with a pore size of 2; 5 and 10 nm. Graphical dependences of productivity on the process time and pore size of PAN membranes are given and the values of chemical oxygen consumption (COD) are determined. Based on experiments with model emulsions, studies were conducted on the membrane separation of spent Inkam-1 brand coolant used in the metalworking process at PJSC KAMAZ using ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis processes. It was shown that during membrane purification of the spent coolant emulsion solution, reverse osmosis filtrate meets the regulatory requirements for water to be discharged into the sewage system. It was determined that in addition to the organic component in the spent coolant, heavy metal ions and ani-ons are effectively retained during reverse osmosis. It was revealed that the selectivity of reverse osmosis for various ions mainly coincides with a range of increasing in their hydration energy: and with an increase in the metal ion charge. The use of a concentrate of spent coolant emulsion as a basis for creating an inhibitory composition designed to inhibit corrosion of 20 steel against the action of formation waters generated during oil production was proposed

Composite Membranes with Cellulose Acetate Surface Layer for Water Treatment

Abstract: Microporous composite membranes containing from one to three ultrathin layers are obtained by a multistage immersion of a paper base in a solution of cellulose acetate in acetone. The physicochemical properties of the membranes are studied and the parameters of the membrane separation of heavy metal ions from tap water are determined. An increase in the particle size and a decrease in the absolute value of the ζ potential with the increase in the concentration of cellulose acetate in acetone are revealed. It is found that the membrane porosity increases from 47 to 51% depending on the number of ultrathin cellulose acetate layers on the substrate surface. A decrease in the moisture absorption of the composite membranes and an increase in the contact angle of wetting with distilled water from 30.0 to 68.8°, depending on the number of ultrathin layers, are observed. The scanning electron microscopy investigation of the membrane surface shows that the ultrathin layer consists of many pores with sizes less than 1 μm. The absorption bands in the IR spectra of the cellulose acetate and the surface of the composite microporous cellulose acetate (MCA) membrane are identical. The retention capacity of the composite MCA membranes is found by separation of iron ions from an iron(III) chloride solution and ranges from 47.5 to 97.4% depending on the number of cellulose acetate layers on the substrate surface for the specific performance ranging from 27.9 to 7399 dm3/(m2 h) and pressure 0.35 MPa. A high selectivity of a microporous membrane with three cellulose acetate layers (MCA-3) for heavy metal ions contained in tap water is found: Cr3+ (96%) > Cu2+ (92%) > Fe3+ (90%) > Mn2+ (45%)

Treatment of waste water containing waste oil

© 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The dependence of flow separation membrane emulsion on its stability. The results of the investigation of the stability of emulsified among the various qualitative composition. The experiments on the separation of the most stable emulsion of oil-based mark “I-20A” and surfactant mark “Kosintol-242” of various concentrations followed by a discussion of the experimental data and the identification of the zeta potential and particle size of the dispersed phase of the original emulsion and the filtrate. The substantiation of the need for further purification emulsification media, in particular adsorption methods of alternative sorbents with a brief overview of the results of relevant studies.A principal flowsheet wastewater containing waste oil