Vers un système de transport opérant selon les principes de l'économie de la fonctionnalité

L'économie de la fonctionnalité (EF) consiste en la substitution de la vente d'une fonction d'usage - une solution, vue comme une combinaison de produits, services et conseils d'utilisation - à celle d'un produit. Le potentiel de mise en œuvre de l'EF est considérable, notamment dans le domaine des transports. Alors que l'EF est en général abordée sous l'angle des sciences de gestion, nous traitons ici l'EF avec une approche économique et appliquons ce concept à la problématique des transports. Des véhicules partagés, en libre service (ex.Vélib'), illustrent ce système d'organisation économique. Nous mettons en évidence les implications d'un système de transport opérant selon les principes de l'EF, tant d'un point de vue économique que d'un point de vue environnemental

Correcting agglomeration economies: How air pollution matters

The aim of the paper is to correct standard measures of agglomeration economies in order to account for air pollution generated by commuting. This paper examines the impact of nitrogen oxide (NOX) on worker productivity. NOX emissions are primarily released by the transportation sector. Literature on agglomeration economies is abundant and highlights the positive role of density on productivity. Nevertheless, this literature does not take into account the environmental impact generated by a better accessibility, namely commuting. We rst develop a general framework to estimate the agglomeration economies for the 304 French employment areas. In line with the literature, we nd an estimate of 0.05 for the elasticity coe cient of productivity with respect to density. Then, we introduce NOX emissions. The estimates suggest that emissions reduce the positive e ect of density on productivity by more 13%. The model con rms that air pollution matters. Agglomeration economies should be corrected by the environmental impacts associated with the enhancement of accessibility such as the implementation of a new transport infrastructure or policy

Are certified supply chains more socially sustainable? A bargaining power analysis

Food quality schemes (FQS: organic and geographical indication products) are often supposed to be more sustainable by their political advocates. We explore the social sustainability advantage of FQS through the lens of supply chains’ bargaining power (BP) distribution. We propose an indicator synthesizing different sources underlying BP (competition-based, transactional, institutional) and counting two dimensions (fair BP distribution and adaptation capacity), that we apply to 18 FQS supply chains and corresponding reference. FQS perform better than their reference products on both dimensions. This better performance is due to a combination of sources.Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - Producció i Consum ResponsablesPostprint (published version

Sustainability performance of certified and non-certified food social and economic history

Related data set “Sustainability performance of certified and non-certified food” with doi www.doi.org/10.15454/OP51SJ in repository “Data inrae”The dataset Sustainability performance of certified and non-certified food (https://www.doi.org/10.15454/OP51SJ) contains 25 indicators of economic, environmental, and social performance, estimated for 27 certified food value chains and their 27 conventional reference products. The indicators are estimated at different levels of the value chain: farm level, processing level, and retail level. It also contains the raw data based on which the indicators are estimated, its source, and the completed spreadsheet calculators for the following indicators: carbon footprint and food miles.Article signat per 14 autors/es Valentin Bellassen, Filippo Arfini, Federico Antonioli, Antonio Bodini, Michael Boehm, Ružica Brečić, Sara Chiussi, Peter Csillag, Michele Donati, Liesbeth Dries, Marion Drut, Matthieu Duboys de Labarre, Hugo Ferrer, Jelena Filipović, Lisa Gauvrit, José M. Gil, Matthew Gorton, Viet Hoàng, Mohamed Hilal, Kamilla Knutsen Steinnes, Apichaya Lilavanichakul, Agata Malak-Rawlikowska, Edward Majewski, Sylvette Monier-Dilhan, Paul Muller, Orachos Napasintuwong, Kalliroi Nikolaou, Mai Nguyen, An Nguyễn Quỳnh, Ioannis Papadopoulos, Jack Peerlings, Aron Török, Thomas Poméon, Bojan Ristic, Burkhard Schaer, Zaklina Stojanovic, Barbara Tocco, Marina Tomic Maksan, Mario Veneziani, and Gunnar VittersoPostprint (published version

Urban mobility and degrowth strategies: A note on the role of shared transportation modes

This paper investigates the mechanisms through which shared modes lead to degrowth strategies and help reduce major spatial and environmental issues related to mobility in urban areas, namely road congestion, rivalry of use for parking spaces and air pollution, as well as the number of goods in the economy. In this article, I use gross space consumption estimations for different transportation modes as a basis and integrate the service provided by the modes. Results indicate that in terms of time-space consumption and service provided shared modes are intermediate modes between private modes and mass transit. Therefore, shared modes constitute key components of a sustainable, comprehensive and efficient transportation system in urban areas. The present analysis provides guidance for local transportation authorities

A case in the field of mobility and transport: the Autolib’ car-sharing platform

International audienc

A Note on Adaptive Function-Based Models: The Case of Mobility

International audienceI propose a model for classifying innovations related to a particular function –mobility. My analysis demonstrates that existing typologies related to functional economy (FE) remain imprecise when considering specific functions. I include a systems perspective, bringing collective needs into the discussion. More precisely, I highlight the fact that, due to the complex systems in which the transportation system is embedded, collective consumption, like vehicle-sharing systems and self-service schemes, becomes crucial when mobility issues are addressed. Indeed, the satisfaction of individual needs has an impact on collective needs due to traffic congestion and rivalry for the use of limited parking spaces. As a strategy driving sustainability, the FE calls for institutional change

Spatial issues revisited: The role of shared transportation modes

This paper investigates the mechanisms through which shared modes help reduce major spatial issues related to mobility in urban areas, namely road congestion and rivalry of use for parking spaces. In this article, I use gross space consumption estimations for different transportation modes as a basis and integrate the service provided by the modes. Results indicate that in terms of time-space consumption and service provided shared modes are intermediate modes between private modes and mass transit. Therefore, shared modes constitute key components of a comprehensive and efficient transportation system in urban areas. The present analysis provides guidance for local transportation authorities

Les enjeux spatiaux et environnementaux liés à la mobilité durable : une approche par l’économie de la fonctionnalité

Traffic congestion, parking problems, and air pollution constitute contemporary challenges affecting especially urban areas. These concerns are intertwined and mutually reinforcing ; there is thus a need to address them jointly. Using the concept of functional economy (FE), this thesis attempts to go beyond the traditional compartmentalized approach. More specifically, this study investigates the role of a function-based transportation system, and namely of sharing the uses, in addressing jointly the spatial and environmental issues associated with sustainable mobility. After a short presentation of the concept of FE and its application to transportation (essay 1), we examine the role of sharing the uses in addressing spatial and environmental issues (essay 2). Then, we highlight the mechanisms underlying the rivalry of use affecting parking (essay 3), as well as the impact of local air pollution on labor productivity (essay 4). This thesis allows putting into perspective transportation infrastructure projects or policies through a two-angle analysis of the issues associated with mobility. First, transportation policies are explored from a spatial perspective, with space considered as a scarce resource in open access and whose consumption from transportation modes is subject to a shadow cost and to rivalry. Then, the link between enhanced accessibility and increased local air pollution from transportation is drawn, and the analysis reveals that accounting for environmental impacts leads to more accurate assessments of the expected agglomeration gains.La congestion automobile, les difficultés de stationnement, et la pollution atmosphérique constituent des enjeux contemporains affectant particulièrement les zones urbaines. Ces enjeux se renforcent mutuellement et appellent des mesures conjointes. Cette thèse propose de dépasser les approches cloisonnées en utilisant le concept d’économie de la fonctionnalité (EF). Plus précisément, cette étude explore le rôle d’un système de transport basé sur la fonction, et notamment sur le partage des usages, dans la résolution des problématiques spatiales et environnementales liées à la mobilité durable. Après avoir présenté le concept d’EF et son application au domaine de la mobilité (article 1), nous explorons le rôle du partage des usages dans la résolution des problématiques spatiales et environnementales (article 2). Nous mettons ensuite en lumière les mécanismes sous-tendant les rivalités d’usage liées au stationnement (article 3), ainsi que l’impact de la pollution atmosphérique locale sur la productivité du travail (article 4). Cette thèse permet de mettre en perspective les projets d’infrastructures ou les politiques de transport par une analyse des problématiques liées à la mobilité sous deux angles distincts. Tout d’abord, les politiques de transport sont explorées en lien avec l’espace pris comme une ressource rare en libre accès et dont la consommation par les modes de transport a un coût implicite et est sujette à rivalité. Ensuite, le lien entre meilleure accessibilité et hausse de la pollution atmosphérique locale est fait et l’analyse montre que la prise en compte des impacts environnementaux conduit à une estimation plus fine des gains d’agglomération attendus

Sustainability indicators for food quality schemes: methodology development and feedback from pilot cases in the context of the H2020 Strength2Food project

Authors: V. Bellassen, G. Giraud, M. Hilal, F. Arfini, A. Barczak, A. Bodini, M. Donati, M. Drut, M. Duboys de Labarre, Jelena Filipovic, M. Gorton, E. Maigné, S. Monier-Dilhan, P. Muller, T. Poméon, Bojan Ristic, Zaklina Stojanovic, B. Tocco, M. Veneziani, M-H. Vergote, P. Wavresky, A. Wilkinson.The topic of our paper is to present an empirical case of development of methodology which mobilizes diverse disciplines and actors on the question of sustainability of food quality schemes (FQS).This project, named Strength2Food, is a five years € 6.9 million European project to improve the effectiveness of EU FQS, public sector food procurement (PSFP) and to stimulate Short Food Supply Chains (SFSC) through research, innovation and demonstration activities. The 30-partner consortium representing 11 EU and four non-EU countries combines academic, communication, SMEs and stakeholder organizations to ensure a multi-actor approach. It will undertake case study-based quantitative research to measure economic, environmental and social impacts of FQS, PSFP and SFSC. For the sustainability assessment of FQSs – namely products certified as either organic or of protected geographical origin or indication – the question boiled down to: how to measure economical, environmental and social impact of FQS in different countries and subject to the resource constraints of an H2020 project? As an answer, 25 indicators were designed. In order to balance indicator precision and indicator applicability, three angles of prioritization are set, together with a series of guidelines and supporting tool for data collection and indicator computation. We will present this list of indicators on how to assess sustainability in food supply chains, together with the guidelines on data collection, prioritization and counterpart selection. Finally, we will illustrate the method on three pilot cases, together with the adjustments made to the methodology in reaction to the feedbacks these pilots. We will highlight a specific point about the fact that the interdisciplinary and comparison dimensions of this methodology imply necessary compromises and simplifications. It is at this price that we will be able to deploy a feasible methodology over the 30 FQS case studies covered by the sustainability assessment of the Strength2Food project