Measurement of plasma homocysteine concentration in cats : validity of the high-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry method, biological determinants, reference interval and application to chronic kidney diseases

L'homocystéinémie est un bio-marqueur utilisé en médecine humaine pour le diagnostic précoce des carences en cobalamine ou en folates et pour l’évaluation du risque cardiovasculaire dans certains contextes pathologiques comme l’insuffisance rénale chronique. En médecine vétérinaire, plusieurs études commencent à s’intéresser au statut de l’homocystéine chez l’animal malade. Le premier objectif de notre étude a été de définir les déterminants biologiques et l’intervalle de référence de l’homocystéinémie plamatique chez le chat adulte sain, après avoir vérifié la validité de la méthode de chromatographie liquide haute performance – spectrométrie de masse en tandem. Notre travail a confirmé l’adéquation de cette technique pour le dosage de l’homocystéine dans le plasma de chat. L’étude de l’homocytéinémie plasmatique chez le chat sain a fourni un intervalle de référence étendu, montrant une forte variabilité interindividuelle que nous ne sommes pas parvenus à expliquer par des déterminants épidémiologiques. Une influence de la teneur alimentaire en protéines et de la créatininémie a été mis en évidence. Une signature métabolique forte a été identifiée au sein d’un groupe d’animaux présentant une homocystéinémie élevée, suggérant une altération du métabolisme de l’homocystéine chez certains chats sains. Le second objectif de notre travail a été de comparer l’homocystéinémie plasmatique entre une population de chats atteints de maladie rénale chronique stable et la population de chats sains établie précédemment. Cette étude menée sur un petit nombre de chats atteints de maladie rénale chronique n’a pas mis en évidence de différence par rapport à la population de référence.In human medicine, plasma plasma homocysteine concentration is a biomarker used for early diagnosis of cobalamin or folate deficiencies, and cardiovascular risk assessment in some medical conditions such as chronic kidney failure. ln veterinary medicine, several studies are beginning to address the status of homocysteine in diseased animals. The first objective of our study was to define the biological determinants and the reference interval of plasma homocysteine concentration in healthy adult cats, after having verified the concentration validity of the high-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry method. Our work confirmed the suitability of this technique for the measurement of homocysteine in feline plasma. The study of plasma homocysteine concentrations in healthy cats provided a particularly wide reference interval, showing high inter-individual variability that we were not able to explain by epidemiological determinants. We described an influence of the dietary protein content and plasma creatinine concentration. A strong metabolic signature was identified in a group of animals with elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations, suggesting alterations in the homocysteine metabolism in some healthy cats. The second aim of our work was to compare plasma homocysteine concentrations between a population of cats with stable chronic kidney disease and the previously established population of healthy individuals. This study of a small number of cats with chronic kidney disease did not show any differences from the reference population

Contribution à l'étude épidémiologique et clinique d'un sarcome canin à cellules fusiformes présentant des agencements tourbillonnants autour des vaisseaux sanguins

Chez le chien, les sarcomes à cellules fusiformes présentant des agencements tourbillonnants autour des vaisseaux sanguins sont regroupés sous la dénomination "hémangiopéricytome". En médecine humaine, l'"hémangiopéricytome" a souvent été sur-diagnostiqué et la plupart des tumeurs portant cette dénomination ont été reclassées vers d'autres types tumoraux. Cette thèse porte sur une étude rétrospective d'un groupe histologiquement homogène de 132 cas de sarcome canin à cellules fusiformes présentant des agencements tourbillonnants autour des vaisseaux sanguins. Les résultats de notre travail soulignent des similitudes épidémio-cliniques et histologiques entre certaines tumeurs de l'échantillon et le périneuriome des tissus mous décrit chez l'Homme.TOULOUSE-EN Vétérinaire (315552301) / SudocTOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Conseils homéopathiques à l'officine (troubles physiopathologiques rencontrés au cours de la grossesse, de l'accouchement et de l'allaitement)

DIJON-BU Médecine Pharmacie (212312103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Comparative microbiological features of Bartonella henselae infection in a dog with fever of unknown origin and granulomatous lymphadenitis

International audienceWe report the first documented case of Bartonella henselae infection in a dog from France and the first isolation of B. henselae from a dog with fever of unknown origin. This observation contributes to the "One Health" concept focusing on zoonotic pathogens emerging from companion animals. A 1-year-old female German shepherd dog was referred for evaluation of fever of unknown origin of 1 month duration. Diagnostic investigations confirmed diffuse pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis. The dog became afebrile, and lymph node size normalized in response to a 6-week course of doxycycline. Retrospectively, Bartonella DNA was amplified from an EDTA-anticoagulated blood sample obtained before antimicrobial therapy, with the gtlA fragment sharing 99 % identity with the 350-bp gtlA fragment of the B. henselae Houston-1 strain. The same strain was isolated in the blood of three healthy cats from the household. Two months after discontinuation of doxycycline, the dog experienced a febrile relapse. Bartonella DNA was again amplified from blood prior to and immediately after administration of a 6-week course azithromycin therapy. However, without administration of additional medications, PCR was negative 9 months after azithromycin therapy and the dog remains clinically healthy 12 months following the second course of antibiotics. The medical management of this case raises several clinically relevant comparative infectious disease issues, including the extent to which Bartonella spp. contribute to fever of unknown origin and pyogranulomatous inflammatory diseases in dogs and humans, and the potential of doxycycline and azithromycin treatment failures. The possibility that dogs could constitute an underestimated reservoir for B. henselae transmission to people is also discussed

Updating the Classification of Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathies in Dogs

Chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIEs) in dogs are currently classified based on response to sequential treatment trials into food-responsive (FREs); antibiotic-responsive (AREs); immunosuppressant-responsive (IREs); and non-responsive enteropathies (NREs). Recent studies have reported that a proportion of NRE dogs ultimately respond to further dietary trials and are subsequently misclassified. The FRE subset among CIEs is therefore probably underestimated. Moreover, alterations in the gut microbiota composition and function (dysbiosis) have been shown to be involved in CIE pathogenesis in recent research on dogs. Metronidazole and other antibiotics that have been used for decades for dogs with AREs have been demonstrated to result in increased antimicrobial resistance and deleterious effects on the gut microbiota. As a consequence, the clinical approach to CIEs has evolved in recent years toward the gradual abandonment of the use of antibiotics and their replacement by other treatments with the aim of restoring a diverse and functional gut microbiota. We propose here to refine the classification of canine CIEs by replacing the AREs category with a microbiota-related modulation-responsive enteropathies (MrMREs) category

The Nexus of Diet, Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Dogs

Canine inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are of increasing interest in veterinary medicine. They refer to complex and debilitating conditions of dogs’ gastrointestinal tract. Although little evidence for causal inferences is currently available, it is believed that IBD pathophysiology entails intricate interactions between environmental factors, the intestinal immune system, and the microbial communities that colonize the gut. To better understand the mechanisms underlying these disorders, leveraging factors associated with the development of these diseases is imperative. Of these factors, emerging evidence supports the role of dietary patterns as key players influencing the composition and function of gut microbes, with subsequent effects on health and disease. In this review, we particularly focus on addressing IBD in dogs and discuss how specific nutrients may elicit or relieve gut inflammation. Gaining mechanistic insights into such interplay and the underpinning mechanisms is key to inferring dietary recommendations, and setting up new and promising therapeutics

Plasma homocysteine concentration in privately owned healthy adult cats: assessment of biological determinants and establishment of a reference interval

International audienc

Effects of High-Fat Diet at Two Energetic Levels on Fecal Microbiota, Colonic Barrier, and Metabolic Parameters in Dogs

International audienc

Domestic Environment and Gut Microbiota: Lessons from Pet Dogs

Accumulating data show the involvement of intestinal microbiota in the development and maintenance of numerous diseases. Many environmental factors influence the composition and function of the gut microbiota. An animal model subjected to the same environmental constraints that will allow better characterization of the microbiota–host dialogue is awaited. The domestic dog has physiological, dietary and pathological characteristics similar to those of humans and shares the domestic environment and lifestyle of its owner. This review exposes how the domestication of dogs has brought them closer to humans based on their intrinsic and extrinsic similarities which were discerned through examining and comparing the current knowledge and data on the intestinal microbiota of humans and canines in the context of several spontaneous pathologies, including inflammatory bowel disease, obesity and diabetes mellitus

Penicillium and Talaromyces spp. emerging pathogens in dogs since 1990s

Abstract Penicillium and Talaromyces spp. are environmental saprophytic molds rarely encountered as infectious agents in humans and animals. This article summarizes the clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of proven infections caused by Penicillium or Talaromyces in four dogs in France. Two dogs had disseminated infections, while the other two had a localized form. All dogs had positive histopathological results showing the presence of hyaline septate hyphae and a positive fungal culture with typical Penicillium conidiophores. Talaromyces georgiensis (n = 1), Penicillium labradorum (n = 2), and Penicillium from section Ramosa series Raistrickiorum (n = 1), were identified based on Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Sanger sequencing. The dogs were initially treated with ketoconazole or itraconazole. Second-line treatment was initiated in three dogs, but after several relapses, the prognosis remained poor. Since the 1990s, 18 cases of Penicillium or Talaromyces infections in dogs have been described worldwide. This series of four reports brings new cases to those already reported in the literature, which are probably underestimated in the world