Biocompatible nanoparticles for increased flavonoides therapeutic efficacy

U okviru ovog rada provedena je fizičko-kemijska i morfološka karakterizacija magnetskih mezoporoznih čestica uzoraka sljedećim tehnikama: UV/Vis spektrofotometrijom, infracrvenom spektroskopijom s Fourierovom transformacijom (FTIR), skenirajućom elektronskom mikroskopijom (SEM) i dinamičkim raspršenjem svjetlosti (DLS). Provedena su istraživanja s trima različitim flavonoidima (kvercetin, miricetin i miricitrin) koji su otopljeni u smjesi EtOH/H2O i ugrađeni u Fe3O4 nanočestice. Količina ugrađenih flavonoida u nanočestice određena je spektrofotometrijskim mjerenjima supernatanta pomoću UV/Vis spektrometra. Nakon ugradnje flavonoida u nanočestice, praćeno je njihovo otpuštanje iz nanočestica pri normalnim uvjetima, pod utjecajem permanentnog i oscilirajućeg magnetskog polja korištenjem UV/Vis spektrofotometrije Karakterizacija praznih i napunjenih magnetskih nanočestica kao i morfologija i distribucija veličine nanočestica je provedena FTIR analizom, SEM i DLS mjerenjima. SEM-om se uslijed promjena hrapavosti površine magnetskih nanočestica nakon ugradnje flavonoida potvrdila ugradnja flavonoida na samoj površini nanočestica. Zbog niske koncentracije ugrađenih flavonoida, nije bilo moguće kvantitativno odrediti koncentraciju i prirodu veze između nanočestica i flavonoida pomoću FTIR analize. U radu istražena je stabilnost praznih Fe3O4 nanočestica i nanočestica napunjenih s flavonidom u PBS puferu metodom dinamičkog raspršenja svjetlosti tijekom 96 sati.Physico-chemical and morphological characterizations of mesoporous nanoparticles were conducted within the framework of this research using several techniques: UV/Vis spectrophotometry, infrared spectroscopy including Fourier transform, scaning electron microscope (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The research was performed using three different flavonoids (quercetin, myricetin and myricitrin) that were dissolved in EtOH/H2O solution and incorporated in Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The quantity of incorporated flavonoids in nanoparticles was determined by spectrophotometric measurment of supernatant with UV/Vis spectrometer. After incorporation of flavonoid within nanoparticles, their release profiles were followed by during the experiment the focus was on releasing the flavonoids from the nanoparticles at the standard conditions and in permanent and oscillating magnetic field using UV/Vis spectrophotometry . The characterisation of the empty and flavonoid loaded magnetic nanoparticles as well as The morphology and distribution of the nanoparticles were carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, SEM and DLS measurement. SEM confirmed that the change occured at the surface roughness of the magnetic nanoparticles after the incorporation of flavonoids. Due to low concentration of incorporated flavonoids it was not possible to quantitatively determine the concentration and nature of the link between the nanoparticles and flavonoids by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. In the research the stability of the empty Fe3O4 nanoparticles and nanoparticles loaded with flavonoid dissolved in PBS buffer was examined by the DLS method during 96 hours

Biocompatible nanoparticles for increased flavonoides therapeutic efficacy

U okviru ovog rada provedena je fizičko-kemijska i morfološka karakterizacija magnetskih mezoporoznih čestica uzoraka sljedećim tehnikama: UV/Vis spektrofotometrijom, infracrvenom spektroskopijom s Fourierovom transformacijom (FTIR), skenirajućom elektronskom mikroskopijom (SEM) i dinamičkim raspršenjem svjetlosti (DLS). Provedena su istraživanja s trima različitim flavonoidima (kvercetin, miricetin i miricitrin) koji su otopljeni u smjesi EtOH/H2O i ugrađeni u Fe3O4 nanočestice. Količina ugrađenih flavonoida u nanočestice određena je spektrofotometrijskim mjerenjima supernatanta pomoću UV/Vis spektrometra. Nakon ugradnje flavonoida u nanočestice, praćeno je njihovo otpuštanje iz nanočestica pri normalnim uvjetima, pod utjecajem permanentnog i oscilirajućeg magnetskog polja korištenjem UV/Vis spektrofotometrije Karakterizacija praznih i napunjenih magnetskih nanočestica kao i morfologija i distribucija veličine nanočestica je provedena FTIR analizom, SEM i DLS mjerenjima. SEM-om se uslijed promjena hrapavosti površine magnetskih nanočestica nakon ugradnje flavonoida potvrdila ugradnja flavonoida na samoj površini nanočestica. Zbog niske koncentracije ugrađenih flavonoida, nije bilo moguće kvantitativno odrediti koncentraciju i prirodu veze između nanočestica i flavonoida pomoću FTIR analize. U radu istražena je stabilnost praznih Fe3O4 nanočestica i nanočestica napunjenih s flavonidom u PBS puferu metodom dinamičkog raspršenja svjetlosti tijekom 96 sati.Physico-chemical and morphological characterizations of mesoporous nanoparticles were conducted within the framework of this research using several techniques: UV/Vis spectrophotometry, infrared spectroscopy including Fourier transform, scaning electron microscope (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The research was performed using three different flavonoids (quercetin, myricetin and myricitrin) that were dissolved in EtOH/H2O solution and incorporated in Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The quantity of incorporated flavonoids in nanoparticles was determined by spectrophotometric measurment of supernatant with UV/Vis spectrometer. After incorporation of flavonoid within nanoparticles, their release profiles were followed by during the experiment the focus was on releasing the flavonoids from the nanoparticles at the standard conditions and in permanent and oscillating magnetic field using UV/Vis spectrophotometry . The characterisation of the empty and flavonoid loaded magnetic nanoparticles as well as The morphology and distribution of the nanoparticles were carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, SEM and DLS measurement. SEM confirmed that the change occured at the surface roughness of the magnetic nanoparticles after the incorporation of flavonoids. Due to low concentration of incorporated flavonoids it was not possible to quantitatively determine the concentration and nature of the link between the nanoparticles and flavonoids by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. In the research the stability of the empty Fe3O4 nanoparticles and nanoparticles loaded with flavonoid dissolved in PBS buffer was examined by the DLS method during 96 hours

TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER FROM SEPARATORS FOR RAINFALL RUNOFF USING ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION PROCESSES

In recent years, industry has increased and with it the amount of oily wastewater, which are considered hazardous waste because they contain various types of heavy metals and oils that endanger the environment and human health. In the last twenty years, there has been increased research on new technologies to treat wastewater as efficiently and environmentally friendly as possible. A recent approach to wastewater treatment is the application of electrochemical processes such as the electro-Fenton process, which belongs to the group of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes and electrocoagulation. The aim of this work was to remove organic contaminants and heavy metals from wastewater originating from oil and grease separators that clean stormwater runoff from traffic areas. The use of stainless steel, iron and aluminum electrodes results in electrooxidation, electroreduction and electrocoagulation. At a current of 15 A the treatment efficiency was 50% for COD and 73% for mineral oil. At a current of 110 A the treatment efficiency was 96% for COD and 90% for mineral oil

Elektrochemische Desinfektion des Abwassers aus Krankenhäusern

Karbapenem rezistentne bakterije (CRB) su vodeći uzročnici emergentnih bolničkih infekcija diljem svijeta. CRB su nađene u bolničkim otpadnim vodama, kojima se šire putem skupne kanalizacije u okoliš. Prisutnost CRB u okolišu predstavlja javnozdravstveni rizik. U ovom radu ispitana je učinkovitost elektrokemijske dezinfekcije vode za uklanjanje emergentnih CRB. Istosmjerna električna struja (DC, eng. direct current) niske jakosti pokazala je baktericidni učinak prema čistoj kulturi CRB Acinetobacter baumannii u fiziološkoj otopini. Primjenom DC niske jakosti nakon reakcijskog vremena od 300 s uklonjeno je 25 % CRB iz sirove bolničke vode, pri čemu se značajno smanjila koncentracija amonijeva iona (NH4+), pH vrijednost vode ostala neutralna, a temperature vode nije prešla 36℃. Dezinfekcija bolničkih voda elektrokemijskim procesima čini se obećavajućom alternativom nedovoljno učinkovitoj kemijskoj dezinfekciji vode u svrhu sprečavanja širenja CRB u okoliš.Carbapenem-resistant bacteria (CRB) are the leading cause of emergent hospital-acquired infections worldwide. The CRB have been found in hospital wastewater, where they spread through the common sewer into the environment. The presence of CRB in the environment poses a public health risk. The paper explores the efficiency of electrochemical wastewater disinfection to remove emergent CRB. Low voltage direct current (DC) showed a bactericidal effect on the pure culture of CRB Acinetobacter baumannii in saline. After the reaction time of 300 s of implemented low voltage DC, 25 % of CRB was removed from raw hospital wastewater. There was a significant reduction in the concentration of ammonium ion (NH4+), the pH value of water remained neutral and the water temperature did not exceed 36℃. The disinfection of hospital wastewater with electrochemical processes appears to be a promising alternative to insufficiently efficient chemical disinfection of water in the prevention of the CRM spread into the environment.Carbapenem-resistente Bakterien (CRB) sind die häufigsten Erreger von Krankenhausinfektionen in der ganzen Welt. CRB werden im Abwasser aus Krankenhäusern gefunden, und sie gelangen durch die Kanalisation in die Umwelt. Die in der Umwelt vorkommenden Carbapanem-resistenten Bakterien stellen Risiko für die öffentliche Gesundheit dar. In diesem Beitrag wird die Wirksamkeit der elektrochemischen Wasserdesinfektion in der Entfernung von CRB mit emergentem Verhalten aus dem Abwasser untersucht. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass der Niederspannungs-Gleichstrom abtötende Wirkung auf die Reinkultur von CRB Acinetobacter baumannii in der Kochsalzlösung hat. Durch die Anwendung vom Niederspannungs-Gleichstrom wurde nach einer Reaktionszeit von 300 Sekunden 25% von CRB aus dem rohen Krankenhauswasser entfernt, wobei die Konzentration von Ammoniumionen (NH4+) wesentlich erniedrigt wurde, der pH-Wert vom Wasser neutral blieb und die Wassertemperatur nicht über 36℃ stieg. In der Bemühung, die Ausbreitung von CRB in der Umwelt zu verhindern, scheint die elektrochemische Desinfektion vom Krankenhausabwasser eine vielversprechende Alternative zur ungenügend wirksamen chemischen Wasserdesinfektion zu sein

Elektrochemische Desinfektion des Abwassers aus Krankenhäusern

Karbapenem rezistentne bakterije (CRB) su vodeći uzročnici emergentnih bolničkih infekcija diljem svijeta. CRB su nađene u bolničkim otpadnim vodama, kojima se šire putem skupne kanalizacije u okoliš. Prisutnost CRB u okolišu predstavlja javnozdravstveni rizik. U ovom radu ispitana je učinkovitost elektrokemijske dezinfekcije vode za uklanjanje emergentnih CRB. Istosmjerna električna struja (DC, eng. direct current) niske jakosti pokazala je baktericidni učinak prema čistoj kulturi CRB Acinetobacter baumannii u fiziološkoj otopini. Primjenom DC niske jakosti nakon reakcijskog vremena od 300 s uklonjeno je 25 % CRB iz sirove bolničke vode, pri čemu se značajno smanjila koncentracija amonijeva iona (NH4+), pH vrijednost vode ostala neutralna, a temperature vode nije prešla 36℃. Dezinfekcija bolničkih voda elektrokemijskim procesima čini se obećavajućom alternativom nedovoljno učinkovitoj kemijskoj dezinfekciji vode u svrhu sprečavanja širenja CRB u okoliš.Carbapenem-resistant bacteria (CRB) are the leading cause of emergent hospital-acquired infections worldwide. The CRB have been found in hospital wastewater, where they spread through the common sewer into the environment. The presence of CRB in the environment poses a public health risk. The paper explores the efficiency of electrochemical wastewater disinfection to remove emergent CRB. Low voltage direct current (DC) showed a bactericidal effect on the pure culture of CRB Acinetobacter baumannii in saline. After the reaction time of 300 s of implemented low voltage DC, 25 % of CRB was removed from raw hospital wastewater. There was a significant reduction in the concentration of ammonium ion (NH4+), the pH value of water remained neutral and the water temperature did not exceed 36℃. The disinfection of hospital wastewater with electrochemical processes appears to be a promising alternative to insufficiently efficient chemical disinfection of water in the prevention of the CRM spread into the environment.Carbapenem-resistente Bakterien (CRB) sind die häufigsten Erreger von Krankenhausinfektionen in der ganzen Welt. CRB werden im Abwasser aus Krankenhäusern gefunden, und sie gelangen durch die Kanalisation in die Umwelt. Die in der Umwelt vorkommenden Carbapanem-resistenten Bakterien stellen Risiko für die öffentliche Gesundheit dar. In diesem Beitrag wird die Wirksamkeit der elektrochemischen Wasserdesinfektion in der Entfernung von CRB mit emergentem Verhalten aus dem Abwasser untersucht. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass der Niederspannungs-Gleichstrom abtötende Wirkung auf die Reinkultur von CRB Acinetobacter baumannii in der Kochsalzlösung hat. Durch die Anwendung vom Niederspannungs-Gleichstrom wurde nach einer Reaktionszeit von 300 Sekunden 25% von CRB aus dem rohen Krankenhauswasser entfernt, wobei die Konzentration von Ammoniumionen (NH4+) wesentlich erniedrigt wurde, der pH-Wert vom Wasser neutral blieb und die Wassertemperatur nicht über 36℃ stieg. In der Bemühung, die Ausbreitung von CRB in der Umwelt zu verhindern, scheint die elektrochemische Desinfektion vom Krankenhausabwasser eine vielversprechende Alternative zur ungenügend wirksamen chemischen Wasserdesinfektion zu sein

Biocompatible nanoparticles for increased flavonoides therapeutic efficacy

U okviru ovog rada provedena je fizičko-kemijska i morfološka karakterizacija magnetskih mezoporoznih čestica uzoraka sljedećim tehnikama: UV/Vis spektrofotometrijom, infracrvenom spektroskopijom s Fourierovom transformacijom (FTIR), skenirajućom elektronskom mikroskopijom (SEM) i dinamičkim raspršenjem svjetlosti (DLS). Provedena su istraživanja s trima različitim flavonoidima (kvercetin, miricetin i miricitrin) koji su otopljeni u smjesi EtOH/H2O i ugrađeni u Fe3O4 nanočestice. Količina ugrađenih flavonoida u nanočestice određena je spektrofotometrijskim mjerenjima supernatanta pomoću UV/Vis spektrometra. Nakon ugradnje flavonoida u nanočestice, praćeno je njihovo otpuštanje iz nanočestica pri normalnim uvjetima, pod utjecajem permanentnog i oscilirajućeg magnetskog polja korištenjem UV/Vis spektrofotometrije Karakterizacija praznih i napunjenih magnetskih nanočestica kao i morfologija i distribucija veličine nanočestica je provedena FTIR analizom, SEM i DLS mjerenjima. SEM-om se uslijed promjena hrapavosti površine magnetskih nanočestica nakon ugradnje flavonoida potvrdila ugradnja flavonoida na samoj površini nanočestica. Zbog niske koncentracije ugrađenih flavonoida, nije bilo moguće kvantitativno odrediti koncentraciju i prirodu veze između nanočestica i flavonoida pomoću FTIR analize. U radu istražena je stabilnost praznih Fe3O4 nanočestica i nanočestica napunjenih s flavonidom u PBS puferu metodom dinamičkog raspršenja svjetlosti tijekom 96 sati.Physico-chemical and morphological characterizations of mesoporous nanoparticles were conducted within the framework of this research using several techniques: UV/Vis spectrophotometry, infrared spectroscopy including Fourier transform, scaning electron microscope (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The research was performed using three different flavonoids (quercetin, myricetin and myricitrin) that were dissolved in EtOH/H2O solution and incorporated in Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The quantity of incorporated flavonoids in nanoparticles was determined by spectrophotometric measurment of supernatant with UV/Vis spectrometer. After incorporation of flavonoid within nanoparticles, their release profiles were followed by during the experiment the focus was on releasing the flavonoids from the nanoparticles at the standard conditions and in permanent and oscillating magnetic field using UV/Vis spectrophotometry . The characterisation of the empty and flavonoid loaded magnetic nanoparticles as well as The morphology and distribution of the nanoparticles were carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, SEM and DLS measurement. SEM confirmed that the change occured at the surface roughness of the magnetic nanoparticles after the incorporation of flavonoids. Due to low concentration of incorporated flavonoids it was not possible to quantitatively determine the concentration and nature of the link between the nanoparticles and flavonoids by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. In the research the stability of the empty Fe3O4 nanoparticles and nanoparticles loaded with flavonoid dissolved in PBS buffer was examined by the DLS method during 96 hours