36 research outputs found
Unique dynamic crossover in supercooled x,3-dihydroxypropyl acrylate (x = 1, 2) isomers mixture
The previtreous dynamics in glass forming monomer, glycerol monoacrylate
(GMA), using broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) was tested. Measurements
revealed the clear dynamic crossover at temperature K and the time
scale ns for the primary (structural) relaxation time and no
hallmarks for the crossover for the DC electric conductivity .
This result was revealed via the derivative-based and distortions-sensitive
analysis vs. , where is for the apparent
activation energy. Subsequent tests of the fractional Debye-Stokes-Einsten
relation showed that the crossover is
associated with (for )-> (for ). The crossover
is associated with the emergence of the secondary beta relaxation which
smoothly develops deeply into the solid amorphous phase below the glass
temperature
The fluid-like and critical behavior of the isotropic-nematic transition appearing in linear and non-linear dielectric studies
A short review of literature and the authors' experimental results for the pretransitional behavior in the isotropic phase of nematogens is given. The paper also presents new results of non-linear dielectric effect and dielectric
permittivity measurements in the broad temperature range. Results obtained show significant advantages of non-linear dielectric effect and dielectric permittivity for studying pretransitional properties in liquid crystalline
materials. The paper contains a comprehensive comparison of the experiment with predictions of the mean-field model and the fluid-like description. The presented analysis strongly supports the image of the isotropic phase as
a complex liquid resulting from vicinity of the fluid-like, "nematic-isotropic", critical point
Pretransitional Behavior and Dynamics in Liquid Crystal–Based Nanocolloids
The impact of nanoparticles on phase transitions in liquid crystal (LC)—nanoparticle nanocollids is still little known. This contribution results for dodecylcyanobiphenyl (12CB), pentylcyanobiphenyl (5CB), and hexyl isothiocyanatobiphenyl (6BT) as the LC host with the addition of BaTiO3 barium titanate barium titanate nanoparticles. The latter has a strong impact on the value of dielectric constant, relaxation time, and the discontinuity of the isotropic–mesophase transitions. The first-ever high-pressure studies in such systems are also presented
Pressure-Related Universal Previtreous Behavior of the Structural Relaxation Time and Apparent Fragility
The report presents the evidence for the hypothetically “universal” previtreous behavior of the pressure related apparent fragility: mT(P)∞1/(P*-P), where P* is the extrapolated singular pressure. This finding was the basis for deriving the “model-free” dependence for the pressure evolution of the structural relaxation time: τ(P)=τoP(P*-P)-Ψ. All these led to the new way of testing the dynamic crossover phenomenon via 1/mT (P) vs. P plot. Finally, the behavior of electric conductivity in the previtreous domain is discussed. The experimental evidence covers 8*OCB (liquid crystal), EPON 828 (resin), diisobutyl phthalate, and propylene carbonate (low molecular weight liquids). Experiments were carried up to extreme P~ 2.2 GPa, in the “bulk” measurement capacitor. This report also contains a summary of existing descriptions of the pressure evolution of structural relaxation time or viscosity on approaching the glass transition
Continuous Isotropic-Nematic transition in compressed rod-like based nanocolloid
Landau - de Gennes mean field model predicts the discontinuous transition for
the Isotropic - Nematic transition, associated with uniaxial and quadrupolar
order parameter in three dimensions. This report shows pressure-related
dielectric studies for rod-like nematogenic pentylcyanobiphenyl (5CB) and its
nanocolloids with BaTiO3 nanoparticles. The scan of dielectric constant
revealed the continuous I-N transition in a compressed nanocolloid with a tiny
amount of nanoparticles (x=0.1%). For the nematic phase in 5CB and its x=1%
nanocolloid the enormous values of dielectric constant and the bending-type
long-range pretransitional behavior were detected. The 'shaping' influence of
pretransitional fluctuations was also detected for the ionic-related
contribution to dielectric permittivity in the isotropic phase. For the
high-frequency relaxation domain, this impact was tested for the primary
relaxation time and the translational-orientaional decoupling.Comment: 28 pages, 7 figure
Fragility and basic process energies in vitrifying systems
The concept of 'fragility' constitutes a central point of the glass transition science serving as the 'universal' metric linking previtreous dynamics of qualitatively distinct systems. Finding the fundamental meaning of fragility is the 'condicio sine qua' for reaching the long expected conceptual breakthrough in this domain. This report shows that fragility is determined by the ratio between two fundamental process energies, viz. the activation enthalpy and activation energy. The reasoning, avoiding any underlying physical model, is supported by the experimental evidence ranging from low molecular weight liquids and polymers to plastic crystals and liquid crystals. All these lead to the new general scaling plot for dynamics of arbitrary glass former. The limited adequacy of broadly used so far semi-empirical relationships between fragility and the activation energy is shown. Results presented remain valid for an arbitrary complex system and collective phenomena if their dynamics is described by the general super-Arrhenius relation.National Centre for Science (Poland
Divergent dynamics and the Kauzmann temperature in glass forming systems
In the last decade the challenging analysis of previtreous behavior of relaxation time (Ï.,(T)) in ultraviscous low molecular weight liquids led to the conceptual shift of the glass transition physics toward theories not predicting a finite-temperature divergence. This "breakthrough" experimental finding was strengthened by the discovery that "dynamic "(i.e. from τ(T) fitting) and thermodynamic estimations of the ideal glass (Kauzmann) temperature do not match, what in fact questioned its existence. In this report, due to the novel way of analysis based on the transformation of τ(T) experimental data to the activation energy temperature index form, the clear prevalence of the finite-temperature divergence is proved. The obtained dynamic singular temperatures clearly coincide with thermodynamic estimations of the Kauzmann temperature, thus solving also the second mystery. The comprehensive picture was obtained due to the analysis of 55 experimental data-sets, ranging from low molecular weight liquids and polymers to liquid crystal and plastic crystals