Image quality evaluation of eight complementary metalâ oxide semiconductor intraoral digital Xâ ray sensors

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134084/1/idj12241_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134084/2/idj12241.pd

OTX2 Duplication Is Implicated in Hemifacial Microsomia

Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is the second most common facial anomaly after cleft lip and palate. The phenotype is highly variable and most cases are sporadic. We investigated the disorder in a large pedigree with five affected individuals spanning eight meioses. Whole-exome sequencing results indicated the absence of a pathogenic coding point mutation. A genome-wide survey of segmental variations identified a 1.3 Mb duplication of chromosome 14q22.3 in all affected individuals that was absent in more than 1000 chromosomes of ethnically matched controls. The duplication was absent in seven additional sporadic HFM cases, which is consistent with the known heterogeneity of the disorder. To find the critical gene in the duplicated region, we analyzed signatures of human craniofacial disease networks, mouse expression data, and predictions of dosage sensitivity. All of these approaches implicated OTX2 as the most likely causal gene. Moreover, OTX2 is a known oncogenic driver in medulloblastoma, a condition that was diagnosed in the proband during the course of the study. Our findings suggest a role for OTX2 dosage sensitivity in human craniofacial development and raise the possibility of a shared etiology between a subtype of hemifacial microsomia and medulloblastoma

Acrolein—an α,ß-Unsaturated Aldehyde: A Review of Oral Cavity Exposure and Oral Pathology Effects

Acrolein is a highly reactive unsaturated aldehyde widely present in the environment, particularly as a product of tobacco smoke. Our previous studies indicated the adverse consequences of even short-term acrolein exposure and proposed a molecular mechanism of its potential harmful effect on oral cavity keratinocytic cells. In this paper we chose to review the broad spectrum of acrolein sources such as pollution, food, and smoking. Consequently, in this paper we consider a high level of oral exposure to acrolein through these sources and discuss the noxious effects it has on the oral cavity including on salivary quality and contents, oral resistance to oxidative stress, and stress mechanism activation in a variety of oral cells

Geminated Maxillary Incisors: The Success of an Orthodontic Conservative Approach: 15 Years Follow-Up Study

Tooth gemination is often presented clinically and radiologically as merged crowns or “megadonts” with or without a longitudinal fissure, single root, and a single pulp chamber. The increased mesiodistal width of these teeth results in poor anterior aesthetics, anterior crowding, and incisor rotation. Our aim is to present a conservative non-extraction orthodontic approach that provides both good aesthetics and long-term stability. It aims to achieve extra space to incorporate the megadonts into the dental arch and to exceed “super” class I dental relationships. Accordingly, this study shows that geminated teeth were successfully retained by means of conservative non-extraction orthodontic mechanotherapy and without premolar extractions or enamel reduction. It demonstrated stability during a long-term 15-year follow-up, in addition to high patient satisfaction, good aesthetics, and periodontal health. The solution protocol is definitive and achieved the aesthetic, psychological, and functional objectives at a feasible cost. Thus, this treatment has proven to be preferable to other alternative surgical prosthodontic and endodontic approaches in terms of its long-term stability, and by providing a solution that does not necessitate further multidisciplinary interventions. Dental practitioners in the fields of pediatric dentistry, endodontics and prosthodontics should be well aware of this option

Cloning, purification and characterization of human dentine matrix protein 1(DMP1)

Introduction: Human teeth are composed mainly of dentin, formed by the odontoblasts. Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) is one of odontoblast differentiation's most important growth factors. Human DMP1 has yet to be completely identified or studied. This study aimed to clone and characterize human DMP1. Materials and methods: The DMP1 gene sequence was prepared and cloned by transfection of human 293 cells. Results: The recombinant DMP1 was purified and characterized. Conclusion: The results suggested its future use in dental tissue regeneration and tissue engineering

Eruption Treatment of Impacted Teeth Following Surgical Obstruction Removal

Supernumerary teeth and odontomas are obstacles for spontaneous tooth eruption and may result in impaction. The aim of the study is to present a conservative treatment approach for impacted teeth following surgical obstruction removal by reviewing three treatment modalities: surgery only, which involves the surgical removal of the obstruction and the spontaneous eruption; surgery with immediate traction, which includes surgery combined with immediate active orthodontic brace cementation and traction; and surgery with delayed traction, which combines a surgical procedure of obstacle removal and orthodontic brace cementation with follow-up for the spontaneous eruption. The first two modalities require orthodontic traction either by an additional surgical procedure for orthodontic brace cementation, or combined with the surgical obstacle removal. With the third approach, clinical follow-up is performed via connected ligature wire elongation applied during the surgical procedure for the spontaneous emergence of the impacted tooth. Active orthodontic traction is only employed if the tooth fails to erupt. The visual follow-up via wire elongation serves as a reference during the emergence of the impacted teeth and reduces the need for radiographic examination. The surgical-orthodontic approach saves both further surgery and orthodontics (spontaneous eruption) or further surgery (in failure to erupt)

Intermittent Hypoxia Induced Formation of “Endothelial Cell-Colony Forming Units (EC-CFUs)” Is Affected by ROS and Oxidative Stress

Intermittent hypoxia (IH)—the hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)—increases leukocyte activation, production of NADPH-oxidase dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, affecting endothelial function. However, IH and oxidative stress can also stimulate adaptive-protective mechanisms by inducing the development of Endothelial Cell-Colony Forming Units (EC-CFUs), which are considered as a good surrogate marker for endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and likely reflect a reparatory response to vascular damage or tissue ischemia by leukocytes. Blood samples were obtained from 15 healthy consenting volunteers to evaluate the effects of IH and sustained hypoxia (SH) in vitro on EC-CFUs development and functions. The variables measured included: their numbers, the area, the proliferative capacity and ROS production. Additionally, NADPH-oxidase, VEGF and nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression, as well as their paracrine effects on endothelial tube formation were determined. The involvement of ROS was probed using the anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and NADPH-oxidase inhibitors apocynin and diphenyl-iodide. Compared to normoxia, IH-dependent increases in EC-CFUs numbers were observed, showing an individual donor-dependent trait. Also, the expression of VEGF and gp91phox, a subunit of NADPH-oxidase, were significantly increased. ROS production and oxidative stress markers were also significantly increased, but Nrf2 expression and colony size were unaffected by IH. Additionally, conditioned media harvested from IH- and SH-treated mature EC-CFUs, significantly increased endothelial tube formation. These effects were markedly attenuated or diminished by the ROS and NADPH-oxidase inhibitors employed. In conclusion, we show here for the first time that IH-associated oxidative stress promotes EC-CFUs' vascular and paracrine capacities through ROS. However, the large inter-individual variability expressed in EC-CFUs numbers and functions to a given IH stimulus, may represent an individual trait with a potential clinical significance