Food security and import substitution: major strategic objectives of contemporary agricultural policy

Rural areas and the agricultural sector are currently experiencing a radically new social and economic situation which barely fits the existing national agricultural policy as a long-term instrument for stimulating the agri-food market and government’s support of the agrarian sector and, primarily, agriculture that underlies it. In the age of globalization of national agri-food markets, food supply security based on import substitution can be ensured in a macro-economic environment that favors the development of a competitive agricultural industry. The main factor preventing the industry from developing is the unequal inter-industrial exchange biased against the rural economy. The article proposes the author’s simple tried and tested schema for evaluating how inter-industry pricing relationships and governmental financial support (in the form of subsidies) to agricultural organizations affect their margins. The evaluation leads to the following conclusions: – Given its real contribution to the national economy, the agro-industry is self-sufficient for its own development, i.e. the state objectively has the potential to increase its expenses on the elimination of the negative consequences from an unequal inter-industry exchange; – Federal expenditures on such state support must secure a margin for agricultural goods producers that enables stimuli for workers’ efficiency and an affordable credit system for the technical and technological upgrade of the facilities required for the production of competitive goods; – The issues of competitive growth of agricultural products require solutions primarily on a federal scale. An essential factor of competitive growth of individual types of national food and agricultural raw materials should involve science proven EEU agricultural treaties. The article discusses the major priorities in developing a common agricultural policy in the new integration institution

From the Strategy of Food Independence to the Strategy of Raising the Competitiveness of Agroindustry

In the conditions of the globalization of national economies, the current situation in macroeconomics and, as a result, the need to improve the quality of life of the population, it is necessary to clearly outline and resolve the following three strategic tasks of the country’s agro-food industry: ensuring the country’s foodstaff independence based on import substitution; raising the competitiveness of farm products; developing the high level standard of living at the rural area based on the socio-economic development of the territories. The analysis of the government policy documents and concepts for developing the agricultural sector of the economy has revealed the following. The State Program for the Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Agricultural Commodities Markets, Agricultural Raw Materials and Foodstuff in 2013–2020 is the main active tool, a primary factor of accelerated agro-food import substitution, and a foundation for the new national agricultural policy. At the same time, the program does not answer the question, how one can really improve the competitiveness of national farm products. It does not outline the tasks and mechanisms to raise the standard of living for the rural population. The article considers the necessity to increase the competitiveness of agro-food sector as a prospective strategic direction in the government export policy. It clarifes the key factors of the influence on the competitiveness of the national farm products, namely: at the macroeconomic level—equivalence of cross-sector exchange, subsidizing and credit financing of the agro-food sector; at the sectoral level—territorial and sectoral specialization in agricultural production and the system of pro t distribution between the producers, processors and retailers of the farm products. The article outlines the possible ways of employment assistance for the rural population left without jobs as a result of improving the competitiveness of the agricultural production. It shows the expediency of the development of both the single scientifically-based interministerial document in the form of the national strategy and some relevant programs to improve the competitiveness of the country’s agro-food industry, employment and income of the rural population

Food Security and Import Substitution: Major Strategic Objectives of Contemporary Agricultural Policy

Rural areas and the agricultural sector are currently experiencing a radically new social and economic situation which barely fits the existing national agricultural policy as a long-term instrument for stimulating the agri-food market and government’s support of the agrarian sector and, primarily, agriculture that underlies it.In the age of globalization of national agri-food markets, food supply security based on import substitution can be ensured in a macro-economic environment that favors the development of a competitive agricultural industry. The main factor preventing the industry from developing is the unequal inter-industrial exchange biased against the rural economy. The article proposes the author’s simple tried and tested schema for evaluating how inter-industry pricing relationships and governmental financial support (in the form of subsidies) to agricultural organizations affect their margins. The evaluation leads to the following conclusions:– Given its real contribution to the national economy, the agro-industry is self-sufficient for its own development, i.e. the state objectively has the potential to increase its expenses on the elimination of the negative consequences from an unequal inter-industry exchange;– Federal expenditures on such state support must secure a margin for agricultural goods producers that enables stimuli for workers’ efficiency and an affordable credit system for the technical and technological upgrade of the facilities required for the production of competitive goods;– The issues of competitive growth of agricultural products require solutions primarily on a federal scale.An essential factor of competitive growth of individual types of national food and agricultural raw materials should involve science proven EEU agricultural treaties. The article discusses the major priorities in developing a common agricultural policy in the new integration institution

From the strategy of food independence to the strategy of raising the competitiveness of agroindustry

In the conditions of the globalization of national economies, the current situation in macroeconomics and, as a result, the need to improve the quality of life of the population, it is necessary to clearly outline and resolve the following three strategic tasks of the country’s agro-food industry: ensuring the country’s foodstaff independence based on import substitution; raising the competitiveness of farm products; developing the high level standard of living at the rural area based on the socio-economic development of the territories. The analysis of the government policy documents and concepts for developing the agricultural sector of the economy has revealed the following. The State Program for the Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Agricultural Commodities Markets, Agricultural Raw Materials and Foodstuff in 2013–2020 is the main active tool, a primary factor of accelerated agro-food import substitution, and a foundation for the new national agricultural policy. At the same time, the program does not answer the question, how one can really improve the competitiveness of national farm products. It does not outline the tasks and mechanisms to raise the standard of living for the rural population. The article considers the necessity to increase the competitiveness of agro-food sector as a prospective strategic direction in the government export policy. It clarifes the key factors of the influence on the competitiveness of the national farm products, namely: at the macroeconomic level—equivalence of cross-sector exchange, subsidizing and credit financing of the agro-food sector; at the sectoral level—territorial and sectoral specialization in agricultural production and the system of pro t distribution between the producers, processors and retailers of the farm products. The article outlines the possible ways of employment assistance for the rural population left without jobs as a result of improving the competitiveness of the agricultural production. It shows the expediency of the development of both the single scientifically-based interministerial document in the form of the national strategy and some relevant programs to improve the competitiveness of the country’s agro-food industry, employment and income of the rural population

Hybrid pre training algorithm of Deep Neural Networks

This paper proposes a hybrid algorithm of pre training deep networks, using both marked and unmarked data. The algorithm combines and extends the ideas of Self-Taught learning and pre training of neural networks approaches on the one hand, as well as supervised learning and transfer learning on the other. Thus, the algorithm tries to integrate in itself the advantages of each approach. The article gives some examples of applying of the algorithm, as well as its comparison with the classical approach to pre training of neural networks. These examples show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm

Прогнозування частоти неперіодичних сигналів на основі згорткових нейронних мереж

The problem on creation of mathematical support for construction of forecast models based on convolutional neural networks is solved in the work. A method is proposed for using convolutional neural networks to predict the frequency of non-periodic signals. To determine the frequency of the signal, it was divided into parts, after which a fast Fourier transform was used for each part. The spectrograms obtained after the transform are used as inputs to the learning of the neural network. The output value depends on the presence or absence of a frequency that is above the critical value on the predicted interval. The first layer of the neural network uses a three-dimensional convolution, and on the next layers - a onedimensional convolution. Between the convolutional layers, there are subsampling layers used to accelerate learning and prevent retraining. The neural network contains two output neurons which determine the presence of a frequency that exceeds the critical value. The practical task of predicting the frequency of vibration of aircraft engines during their tests is solved. The construction of different neural network models, their training and testing on the data that were collected from vibration sensors during the testing of the aircraft engine has been performed. To increase the amount of data, augmentation is used. To do this, several copies of the signal with changed frequencies are added. The models constructed differ in the amount of data used and in the forecasting time. Comparison of the test results of all the models has been performed. The maximum forecasting time that can be achieved with the proposed method is determined. This time is enough for the pilot to react and change the flight mode or to land the helicopter.Вирішено завдання створення математичного забезпечення для побудови прогнозних моделей на основі згорткових нейронних мереж. Запропоновано метод використання згорткових нейронних мереж для прогнозування частоти неперіодичних сигналів. Вирішено практичне завдання прогнозування частоти вібрацій авіаційних двигунів при проведені їхніх випробувань. Виконано побудову нейромережевих моделей, їхнє навчання та тестування на даних, які було зібрано з датчиків вібрацій при проведені випробувань авіадвигуна. Порівняно результати тестування всіх побудованих моделей

Obtaining of hydroxylated fullerenes Y@C82OX(OH)Y, Y2@C82OX(OH)Y, Y2C2@C82OX(OH)Y and electrophysical characteristic of composite film based thereon

The article presents, for the first time, the results of the research on composite film obtained from hydroxylated endohedral metallofullerenes (EMF) Y@C82, Y2@C82, with Y2C2@C82 and highest fullerenes as dopant. The composite film has been established to have electric conductivity and to be a ferroelectric with the value of residual polarization of ~0.75 mkC/cm2. The impedance spectroscopy of this sample allowed us to determine dispersion of dielectric permittivity and conductivity in the range of frequencies of 0.5Hz–100MHz. It is stated that the value of the high-frequency dielectric permittivity of films is e' = 2.8. However, with reduction in the electric field frequency, real and imaginary parts of e increase to values ~10^4–10^5. Such increase in dielectric permittivity is connected with increase in polarizing caused by accumulation of mobile electric charges (electrons of ions, protons) on boundaries of the structural defects of a film, which are divided by thin dielectric interlayers. The film is solid electrolyte with the ionic conductivity of ~5*10^(-7) S/cm