Hyposensitizing effect of high altitude and immunogenetic law

The studies were carried out in 24 sexually mature male guinea pigs. They were used as model of immediate-type allergic reaction (active cutaneous anaphylaxis). The animals were divided in 2 groups: control and experimental. The control group was housed in the mountain valley during the study, and the experimental group stayed for 45 days in high mountains (Anzob, 3375 m above sea level). On the day +30, all animals were sensitized with horse serum. On the 12th day of sensitization, blood was taken for analysis, and on the 15th day, an allergic reaction was provoked. We have revealed that, under high-altitude conditions, the severity of reaction was 1.5 times lower than in controls. Moreover, the animals kept in highlands exhibited lower contents of T and B lymphocytes, and IgE antibodies than in the control group. On the contrary, the numbers of phagocytically active neutrophils, as well as total effect of phagocytosis, proved to be higher in this group. This shift may be facilitated by hypoxia, since aerobic processes are known to prevail in the energy metabolism of lymphocytes, and anaerobic processes dominate in neutrophils. The allergic conditions are developed in three stages. Immunological stage is the first and main one, and allergic restructuring of the body immunity largely depends on it. What is the matter of reconstruction under the high-altitude conditions? We suggest, that, along with Haeckel–M ller biogenetic rule, there is also an immunogenetic law: “The activation sequence of events in the body’s defense system is a reproduction of phylogenesis, i.e., switching of subsequent link in defense system follows the evolutionary principles of complication and improvement. Namely, with respect to failing of previous link to completely eliminate the antigen in defense system”. One may conventionally consider that the first protective barrier against antigens is the most evolutionarily ancient structure, i.e., skin and mucous membrane; the second represents factors of nonspecific defense (phagocytosis, lysozyme, interferon, etc.); the third barrier is presented by cellular immunity (T effector cells, etc.), with humoral immunity serving as the fourth barrier. The fifth protective barrier provides evolutionarily late defense, i.e. allergic reaction, which is triggered by Ig E antibodies. On the mentioned basis, one may state that the decreased allergic reaction (the 5th barrier) in the animals from the experimental group was caused by adaptive changes in protective mechanisms of body. One may suggest that, under the high-altitude conditions an increase was observed in functional activity of phagocytes (2nd barrier), along with a decrease in activity of lymphocytes, i.e., cell populations responsible for the evolutionary later protective barriers

Role of orexin peptide system in emotional overeating induced by brain reward stimulation in fed rats

The orexin A receptors are preferably involved in emotional eating compared with orexin B (OX2R TCS-OX2-29) and D2 dopamine receptors. Because emotional eating is significantly related to clinical eating disorders, like bulimia and binge eating disorder, it seems promising to use drugs of the orexin system to treat and prevent the issu

МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ И ЯИЧНИКОВ У МЫШЕЙ С ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНО ИЗМЕНЕННЫМ ТИРЕОИДНЫМ СТАТУСОМ

The frequency of breast tumors has been studied in inbreed C3H-A mice with affected thyroid status. It has been shown that frequency of breast tumors was significantly higher in the animals with hyperthyroid condition versus the hypothyroid group (рИсследовали частоту возникновения рака молочной железы у инбредных мышей линии С3Н-А с измененным тиреоидным статусом. Выявлено, что частота возникновения рака молочной железы была достоверно выше у животных с длительно протекающим гипертиреозом по сравнению с гипотиреоидной группой (

Turbulentnyi progranichnyl sloi na sherpokhovatoi krivolineinoi poverkhnosti

"A number of semiempirical approximate methods exist for determining the characteristics of the turbulent boundary layer on a curvilinear surface. At present, among these methods, the one proposed by L. G. Loitsianskii is given frequent practical application. This method is sufficiently effective and permits, in the case of wing profiles with technically smooth surfaces, calculating the basic characteristics of the boundary layer and the values of the overall drag with an accuracy which suffices for practical purposes" (p. 1)

Role of orexin peptide system in emotional overeating induced by brain reward stimulation in fed rats

Introduction: The purpose of this work was to prove that the reaction of food self-deprivation in “fed up” rats is a suitable model for studying the emotional overeating in the experiment. Methods: The self-deprivation reaction, i.e. self-isolation of an animal from food during electrical self-stimulation of the brain, was studied in animals with food deprivation. To reproduce the self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus, the male Wistar rats were trained to press a pedal in a Skinner box. After training, the rats received food deprivation, then a feeder was placed in the Skinner box, and a conditioned food reflex was developed in rats within 5 days. Results and discussion: The food self-deprivation reaction was observed in the ”satiated” rats with a current intensity of 10% and above the threshold for self-stimulation. Hungry animals pressed the pedal for hypothalamic self-stimulation and took no notice of the feeding trough. Sulpiride, a dopamine D2 antagonist (5 and 20 mg/kg i.p.), administered to the “satiated” rats decreased both the eating behavior and self-stimulation in food self-deprivation testing. SB-408124, an orexin A receptor antagonist (0.5 mg/ml, 20 μl intranasally) reduced only the number of pellets eaten, but not the number of pedal presses. Conclusion: The orexin A receptors are preferably involved in emotional eating compared with orexin B (OX2R TCS-OX2-29) and D2 dopamine receptors. Because emotional eating is significantly related to clinical eating disorders, like bulimia and binge eating disorder, it seems promising to use drugs of the orexin system to treat and prevent the issue