UČINAK SELEKCIJE SNIŽENJA STABLJIKE NA UROD I KOMPONENTE URODA ZRNA JEČMA

This investigation deals with the effects of selection for short stem in population lines of the F4 generation derived from the barley cross between Timura x Osk. 4.208´2-84 developed by the single seed descent and pedigree method. Direct genetic gain from reducing the stem length was found to be 10.22 % at dense planting (400 kernels/m2) and 11.47 % at wide-spaced planting (100 kernels/m2). It was found that stem length had relatively high heritability (0.643 and 0.735). Large negative effects of reducing the stem length at wide-spaced and dense planting were estimated for the grain yield per plant, grain yield per plot and number of fertile tillers. Less pronounced negative effects were found for the grain weight per spike and grain number per spike. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations between stem length and other traits were mostly significant and positive with higher values at dense planting. Selection for a short stem length was efficient for the improvement of this trait. However, unfavorable correlations have significantly affected undesired expression of other traits, especially grain yield per plant, grain yield per plot and number of fertile tillers. Any further decrease of plant height should be accompanied by the appropriate selection for other traits, especially grain yield per plant, mass of one grain and harvest index.U radu su istraženi učinci selekcije na kraću stabljiku kod ječma u populaciji linija F4 generacije izvedene iz kombinacije križanja Timura x Osk.4.208´2-84 pomoću metode potomstva sjemenke po biljci (SSD) i pedigree metode. Ostvarena izravna genetska dobit sniženja stabljike bila je 10,22 % u gustoj sjetvi (400 zrna/m2 ) i 11,47 % u rijetkoj sjetvi (100 zrna/m2 ). Utvrđeno je da je dužina stabljike svojstvo relativno visokog heritabiliteta (0,643 i 0,735). Jaki negativni učinci sniženja dužine stabljike u rijetkoj i gustoj sjetvi procijenjeni su za urod zrna po biljci, urod zrna po parceli i broj plodnih vlati. Manje naglašeni negativni učinci utvrđeni su za masu zrna po klasu i broj zrna po klasu. Fenotipske i genotipske korelacije između dužine stabljike i drugih svojstava bile su uglavnom značajne i pozitivne s višim vrijednostima u gustoj sjetvi. Selekcija na skraćenje stabljike bila je učinkovita za poboljšanje toga svojstva. Međutim, nepovoljne korelacije značajno su utjecale na neželjenu ekspresiju drugih svojstava, naročito na urod zrna po biljci, urod zrna po parceli i broj plodnih vlati. Daljnje snižavanje visine stabljike trebalo bi biti praćeno i odgovarajućom selekcijom na druga svojstva, posebno urod zrna po biljci, masu zrna i žetveni indeks

UČINAK SELEKCIJE SNIŽENJA STABLJIKE NA UROD I KOMPONENTE URODA ZRNA JEČMA

This investigation deals with the effects of selection for short stem in population lines of the F4 generation derived from the barley cross between Timura x Osk. 4.208´2-84 developed by the single seed descent and pedigree method. Direct genetic gain from reducing the stem length was found to be 10.22 % at dense planting (400 kernels/m2) and 11.47 % at wide-spaced planting (100 kernels/m2). It was found that stem length had relatively high heritability (0.643 and 0.735). Large negative effects of reducing the stem length at wide-spaced and dense planting were estimated for the grain yield per plant, grain yield per plot and number of fertile tillers. Less pronounced negative effects were found for the grain weight per spike and grain number per spike. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations between stem length and other traits were mostly significant and positive with higher values at dense planting. Selection for a short stem length was efficient for the improvement of this trait. However, unfavorable correlations have significantly affected undesired expression of other traits, especially grain yield per plant, grain yield per plot and number of fertile tillers. Any further decrease of plant height should be accompanied by the appropriate selection for other traits, especially grain yield per plant, mass of one grain and harvest index.U radu su istraženi učinci selekcije na kraću stabljiku kod ječma u populaciji linija F4 generacije izvedene iz kombinacije križanja Timura x Osk.4.208´2-84 pomoću metode potomstva sjemenke po biljci (SSD) i pedigree metode. Ostvarena izravna genetska dobit sniženja stabljike bila je 10,22 % u gustoj sjetvi (400 zrna/m2 ) i 11,47 % u rijetkoj sjetvi (100 zrna/m2 ). Utvrđeno je da je dužina stabljike svojstvo relativno visokog heritabiliteta (0,643 i 0,735). Jaki negativni učinci sniženja dužine stabljike u rijetkoj i gustoj sjetvi procijenjeni su za urod zrna po biljci, urod zrna po parceli i broj plodnih vlati. Manje naglašeni negativni učinci utvrđeni su za masu zrna po klasu i broj zrna po klasu. Fenotipske i genotipske korelacije između dužine stabljike i drugih svojstava bile su uglavnom značajne i pozitivne s višim vrijednostima u gustoj sjetvi. Selekcija na skraćenje stabljike bila je učinkovita za poboljšanje toga svojstva. Međutim, nepovoljne korelacije značajno su utjecale na neželjenu ekspresiju drugih svojstava, naročito na urod zrna po biljci, urod zrna po parceli i broj plodnih vlati. Daljnje snižavanje visine stabljike trebalo bi biti praćeno i odgovarajućom selekcijom na druga svojstva, posebno urod zrna po biljci, masu zrna i žetveni indeks

POVEZANOST RAČUNALNE ANALIZE SLIKE S JAČINOM GLUTENA PŠENICE

The objective of this study was to determine bread slice medium part properties in relation to quality parameters with a focus on gluten strength. Since sensory evaluation of bread is time consuming, expensive and subjective in nature, computerized image analysis was applied as objective method of bread crumb quality evaluation. Gluten Index method was applied as fast and reliable tool for defining gluten strength of wheat. Significant (P90) Ana, Demetra, Klara, Srpanjka and Divana have shown trend to give unequal and bigger crumb grains while cultivars Golubica, Barbara, Žitarka, Kata and Sana with optimal gluten strength (GI= 60-90) have shown finer and uniform crumb grain.Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi povezanost parametara izgleda sredine kruha i kakvoće pšenice, s naglaskom na jačinu glutena. Budući da je senzorska procjena kruha vremenski zahtjevna, skupa i relativno subjektivna, u procjeni izgleda sredine kruha korištena je računalna analiza slike kao objektivna metoda. Jačina glutena pšenice određena je brzom i pouzdanom gluten indeks metodom. Statistički značajna (p90), Anu, Demetru, Klaru, Srpanjku i Divanu, karakterizira neujednačena poroznost sredine kruha s velikim šupljinama, za razliku od kultivara Golubice, Barbare, Žitarke, Kate i Sane s optimalnom vrijednošću gluten indeksa (GI= 60-90), čija je poroznost, s obzirom na manje šupljine, bila ujednačenija

ZNAČAJ VISOKOMOLEKULARNIH PODJEDINICA GLUTENINA U PROCJENI KAKVOĆE PŠENICE

High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) composition was analyzed by sodium-dodecyl-sulfat-polyacrilamid-gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), while the quantitative determination of total HMW-GS was obtained by reversed phase- high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Considering HMW-GS composition, the most frequent subunits at Glu-A1 locus were N, at Glu-B1 locus 7+9 and at Glu-D1 locus 2+12. The cultivars with the GS 5+10 at Glu-D1 locus have shown better technological characteristics in contrast to cultivars with the GS 2+12. The cultivars Žitarka, Srpanjka, Barbara, Klara and Golubica in spite of presence HMW-GS 2+12 have shown very good and good technological properties because they had optimal proportions (>10%) of total HMW-GS. The results of the linear correlation analysis between quality parameters and HMW-GS composition have shown significant (P10%) ukupnih HMW-GS. Rezultati linearne korelacije između parametara kakvoće i sastava HMW-GS pokazali su značajan (p<0,05) pozitivan utjecaj HMW-GS (Glu-1 bodovi) na sedimentacijsku vrijednost (r=0,55), gluten indeks (r=0,72), energiju tijesta (r=0,61), maksimalni otpor (r=0,64), te omjera otpora i rastezljivosti tijesta (r=0,58). U odnosu na sastav HMW-GS, njihovi udjeli pokazuju značajniji utjecaj na udio proteina (r=0,82), vrijeme razvoja tijesta (r=0,70), stupanj omekšanja (r=-0,90), energiju tijesta (r=0,74) i na volumen kruha (r=0,65)

American higher education widely viewed as a worthwhile investment benefiting individuals and society

American higher education is a hotly contested subject among the public. Building off our first public opinion study in 2017, this research brief seeks to extend our understanding of public views of American universities and colleges. We consider three related issues: (a) Americans' views towards public investment in higher education; (b) perceived contributions of higher education to American society (a public good) and to graduates (a private benefit); and (c) attitudes towards public spending on 2- and 4-year institutions. Using a representative sample of adults in the US (n=2,019), we show that most Americans (69%) view public spending on higher education as an excellent or good investment, and that majority of Americans recognize the positive contribution of colleges and universities to individuals and society. Public views vary by socio-demographic characteristics, with a sharp divide based on political ideology

Historically Black Colleges and Universities: Recent Trends (2007)

The nation’s historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are diverse. Although we discuss them as a category based on their historical racial makeup, these institutions are in fact quite different from one another. According to the government’s definition, black colleges are bound together by the fact that they were established prior to 1964 (the year of the Civil Rights Act) with the express purpose of educating African Americans. These institutions, of which there are 103, are public, private, large, small, religious, nonsectarian, selective, and open-enrolling. They educate 300,000 students and employ over 14,000 faculty members.1 Some black colleges are thriving, others are barely making ends meet, and many fall in between. Regardless, most of them are providing a much needed education to African American students (and many others)

A Survey on Approximation Mechanism Design without Money for Facility Games

In a facility game one or more facilities are placed in a metric space to serve a set of selfish agents whose addresses are their private information. In a classical facility game, each agent wants to be as close to a facility as possible, and the cost of an agent can be defined as the distance between her location and the closest facility. In an obnoxious facility game, each agent wants to be far away from all facilities, and her utility is the distance from her location to the facility set. The objective of each agent is to minimize her cost or maximize her utility. An agent may lie if, by doing so, more benefit can be obtained. We are interested in social choice mechanisms that do not utilize payments. The game designer aims at a mechanism that is strategy-proof, in the sense that any agent cannot benefit by misreporting her address, or, even better, group strategy-proof, in the sense that any coalition of agents cannot all benefit by lying. Meanwhile, it is desirable to have the mechanism to be approximately optimal with respect to a chosen objective function. Several models for such approximation mechanism design without money for facility games have been proposed. In this paper we briefly review these models and related results for both deterministic and randomized mechanisms, and meanwhile we present a general framework for approximation mechanism design without money for facility games

Expert advice and political choice in constructing European banking union

International actors promoted the transfer of regulatory authority and financial resources from national governments to the European Union (EU) in the context of establishing the prerequisites for financial stability in Europe through banking union. It was supplied, however, by a political process that kept significant resources in resolution and deposit insurance largely in national hands. This article examines the politics behind those decisions, and how the hybrid of European and national competences affects bank regulation and financial stability in the EU. It concludes that the tension between strong EU supervisory powers and weak capacity to deal with insolvent institutions will persist