An Investigation of the Physical Education Curriculum in Irish Primary Schools and of the Factors Which Impede Its Full Implementation

This research project was carried out on physical education in the Irish primary school. It focuses on the implementation of the physical education curriculum and examines the factors which have inhibited implementation. As a primary school teacher, the researcher was aware that in physical education there appeared to be a significant gap between the theory as set out in the curriculum handbook and the reality of what was happening in schools. It was the researcher’s perception of this gap between policy and practice which prompted the researcher to investigate the circumstances and factors which might have contributed to this situation. The research was conducted at this particular time because of the recent launch of the Revised Primary School Curriculum in 1999. The physical education element of this curriculum is due for introduction in 2004

Fit to WHO weight standard of European infants over time

OBJECTIVES: The 2006 WHO growth charts were created to provide an international standard for optimal growth, based on healthy, breastfed populations, but it has been suggested that Northern European children fit them poorly. This study uses infant weight data spanning 50 years to determine how well-nourished preschool children from different eras fit the WHO standard, and discuss the implications of deviations. DESIGN: Four longitudinal datasets from the UK and one from Finland were used comprising over 8000 children born between1959 and 2003. Weights from birth to 2 years were converted to age-sex-adjusted Z scores using the WHO standard and summarised using Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape. RESULTS: Weights showed a variable fit to the WHO standard. Mean weights for all cohorts were above the WHO median at birth, but dipped by up to 0.5 SD to a nadir at 8 weeks before rising again. Birth weights increased in successive cohorts and the initial dip became slightly shallower. By age 1 year, cohorts were up to 0.75 SD above the WHO median, but there was no consistent pattern by era. CONCLUSIONS: The WHO standard shows an acceptable, but variable fit for Northern European infants. While birth weights increased over time, there was, unexpectedly, no consistent variation by cohort beyond this initial period. Discrepancies in weight from the standard may reflect differences in measurement protocol and trends in infant feeding practice

Stabilization of O-O Bonds by d(0) Cations in Li4+xNi1-xWO6 (0 <= x <= 0.25) Rock Salt Oxides as the Origin of Large Voltage Hysteresis

Multinary lithium oxides with the rock salt structure are of technological importance as cathode materials in rechargeable lithium ion batteries. Current state-of-the-art cathodes such as LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 rely on redox cycling of earth-abundant transition-metal cations to provide charge capacity. Recently, the possibility of using the oxide anion as a redox center in Li-rich rock salt oxides has been established as a new paradigm in the design of cathode materials with enhanced capacities (>200 mAh/g). To increase the lithium content and access electrons from oxygen-derived states, these materials typically require transition metals in high oxidation states, which can be easily achieved using d0 cations. However, Li-rich rock salt oxides with high valent d0 cations such as Nb5+ and Mo6+ show strikingly high voltage hysteresis between charge and discharge, the origin of which is uninvestigated. In this work, we study a series of Li-rich compounds, Li4+xNi1–xWO6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) adopting two new and distinct cation-ordered variants of the rock salt structure. The Li4.15Ni0.85WO6 (x = 0.15) phase has a large reversible capacity of 200 mAh/g, without accessing the Ni3+/Ni4+ redox couple, implying that more than two-thirds of the capacity is due to anionic redox, with good cyclability. The presence of the 5d0 W6+ cation affords extensive (>2 V) voltage hysteresis associated with the anionic redox. We present experimental evidence for the formation of strongly stabilized localized O–O single bonds that explain the energy penalty required to reduce the material upon discharge. The high valent d0 cation associates localized anion–anion bonding with the anion redox capacity

Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) inhibits inflammasome-mediated inflammation and has been proposed as a treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 (NCT04381936, ISRCTN50189673). In this assessment of DMF performed at 27 UK hospitals, adults were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus DMF. The primary outcome was clinical status on day 5 measured on a seven-point ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes were time to sustained improvement in clinical status, time to discharge, day 5 peripheral blood oxygenation, day 5 C-reactive protein, and improvement in day 10 clinical status. Between 2 March 2021 and 18 November 2021, 713 patients were enroled in the DMF evaluation, of whom 356 were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus DMF, and 357 to usual care alone. 95% of patients received corticosteroids as part of routine care. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of DMF on clinical status at day 5 (common odds ratio of unfavourable outcome 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.47; p = 0.40). There was no significant effect of DMF on any secondary outcome

Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) inhibits inflammasome-mediated inflammation and has been proposed as a treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 (NCT04381936, ISRCTN50189673). In this assessment of DMF performed at 27 UK hospitals, adults were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus DMF. The primary outcome was clinical status on day 5 measured on a seven-point ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes were time to sustained improvement in clinical status, time to discharge, day 5 peripheral blood oxygenation, day 5 C-reactive protein, and improvement in day 10 clinical status. Between 2 March 2021 and 18 November 2021, 713 patients were enroled in the DMF evaluation, of whom 356 were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus DMF, and 357 to usual care alone. 95% of patients received corticosteroids as part of routine care. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of DMF on clinical status at day 5 (common odds ratio of unfavourable outcome 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.47; p = 0.40). There was no significant effect of DMF on any secondary outcome

An Investigation of the Physical Education Curriculum in Irish Primary Schools and of the Factors Which Impede Its Full Implementation

This research project was carried out on physical education in the Irish primary school. It focuses on the implementation of the physical education curriculum and examines the factors which have inhibited implementation. As a primary school teacher, the researcher was aware that in physical education there appeared to be a significant gap between the theory as set out in the curriculum handbook and the reality of what was happening in schools. It was the researcher’s perception of this gap between policy and practice which prompted the researcher to investigate the circumstances and factors which might have contributed to this situation. The research was conducted at this particular time because of the recent launch of the Revised Primary School Curriculum in 1999. The physical education element of this curriculum is due for introduction in 2004

An Investigation of the Physical Education Curriculum in Irish Primary Schools and of the Factors Which Impede Its Full Implementation

This research project was carried out on physical education in the Irish primary school. It focuses on the implementation of the physical education curriculum and examines the factors which have inhibited implementation. As a primary school teacher, the researcher was aware that in physical education there appeared to be a significant gap between the theory as set out in the curriculum handbook and the reality of what was happening in schools. It was the researcher’s perception of this gap between policy and practice which prompted the researcher to investigate the circumstances and factors which might have contributed to this situation. The research was conducted at this particular time because of the recent launch of the Revised Primary School Curriculum in 1999. The physical education element of this curriculum is due for introduction in 2004

An Investigation of the Physical Education Curriculum in Irish Primary Schools and of the Factors Which Impede Its Full Implementation

This research project was carried out on physical education in the Irish primary school. It focuses on the implementation of the physical education curriculum and examines the factors which have inhibited implementation. As a primary school teacher, the researcher was aware that in physical education there appeared to be a significant gap between the theory as set out in the curriculum handbook and the reality of what was happening in schools. It was the researcher’s perception of this gap between policy and practice which prompted the researcher to investigate the circumstances and factors which might have contributed to this situation. The research was conducted at this particular time because of the recent launch of the Revised Primary School Curriculum in 1999. The physical education element of this curriculum is due for introduction in 2004

An Investigation of the Physical Education Curriculum in Irish Primary Schools and of the Factors Which Impede Its Full Implementation

This research project was carried out on physical education in the Irish primary school. It focuses on the implementation of the physical education curriculum and examines the factors which have inhibited implementation. As a primary school teacher, the researcher was aware that in physical education there appeared to be a significant gap between the theory as set out in the curriculum handbook and the reality of what was happening in schools. It was the researcher’s perception of this gap between policy and practice which prompted the researcher to investigate the circumstances and factors which might have contributed to this situation. The research was conducted at this particular time because of the recent launch of the Revised Primary School Curriculum in 1999. The physical education element of this curriculum is due for introduction in 2004