34 research outputs found
Extraordinary magnetoresistance in graphite: experimental evidence for the time-reversal symmetry breaking
The ordinary magnetoresistance (MR) of doped semiconductors is positive and
quadratic in a low magnetic field, B, as it should be in the framework of the
Boltzmann kinetic theory or in the conventional hopping regime. We observe an
unusual highly-anisotropic in-plane MR in graphite, which is neither quadratic
nor always positive. In a certain current direction MR is negative and linear
in B in fields below a few tens of mT with a crossover to a positive MR at
higher fields, while in a perpendicular current direction we observe a giant
super-linear and positive MR. These extraordinary MRs are respectively
explained by a hopping magneto-conductance via non-zero angular momentum
orbitals, and by the magneto-conductance of inhomogeneous media. The linear
orbital NMR is a unique signature of the broken time-reversal symmetry (TRS) in
graphite. While some local paramagnetic centers could be responsible for the
broken TRS, the observed large diamagnetism suggests a more intriguing
mechanism of this breaking, involving superconducting clusters with
unconventional (chiral) order parameters and spontaneously generated
normal-state current loops in graphite.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Effective conductivity of 2D isotropic two-phase systems in magnetic field
Using the linear fractional transformation, connecting effective
conductivities sigma_{e} of isotropic two-phase systems with and without
magnetic field, explicit approximate expressions for sigma_{e} in a magnetic
field are obtained. They allow to describe sigma_{e} of various inhomogeneous
media at arbitrary phase concentrations x and magnetic fields. the x-dependence
plots of sigma_e at some values of inhomogeneity and magnetic field are
constructed. Their behaviour is qualitatively compatible with the existing
experimental data. The obtained results are applicable for different two-phase
systems (regular and nonregular as well as random), satisfying the symmetry and
self-duality conditions, and admit a direct experimental checking.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, Latex2e, small corrections and new figure
Passive scalars, random flux, and chiral phase fluids
We study the two-dimensional localization problem for (i) a classical
diffusing particle advected by a quenched random mean-zero vorticity field, and
(ii) a quantum particle in a quenched random mean-zero magnetic field. Through
a combination of numerical and analytic techniques we argue that both systems
have extended eigenstates at a special point in the spectrum, , where a
sublattice decomposition obtains. In a neighborhood of this point, the Lyapunov
exponents of the transfer-matrices acquire ratios characteristic of conformal
invariance allowing an indirect determination of for the typical spatial
decay of eigenstates.Comment: use revtex, two-column, 4 pages, 5 postscript figures, submitted to
PR
Nonequilibrium phenomena in high Landau levels
Developments in the physics of 2D electron systems during the last decade
have revealed a new class of nonequilibrium phenomena in the presence of a
moderately strong magnetic field. The hallmark of these phenomena is
magnetoresistance oscillations generated by the external forces that drive the
electron system out of equilibrium. The rich set of dramatic phenomena of this
kind, discovered in high mobility semiconductor nanostructures, includes, in
particular, microwave radiation-induced resistance oscillations and
zero-resistance states, as well as Hall field-induced resistance oscillations
and associated zero-differential resistance states. We review the experimental
manifestations of these phenomena and the unified theoretical framework for
describing them in terms of a quantum kinetic equation. The survey contains
also a thorough discussion of the magnetotransport properties of 2D electrons
in the linear response regime, as well as an outlook on future directions,
including related nonequilibrium phenomena in other 2D electron systems.Comment: 60 pages, 41 figure