On the impact of the ‘linguistic turn’ on research in information systems

The linguistic turn within philosophy has recently gained increased attention within social sciences. It can be seen as an attempt to investigate traditional philosophical problems by analysing the linguistic expressions used for these investigations. More generally, the phenomenon of language itself must be considered because of its (constitutional) impact on the investigation of phenomena in social sciences. In order to understand the consequences of the linguistic turn, its origins in philosophy are important and will be discussed. Within social sciences the linguistic turn already had significant impact. As an example, we will therefore discuss what directions the linguistic turn enabled for organizational analysis. Information Systems as a discipline must face the consequences of the linguistic turn as well. We will discuss how the linguistic framework introduced impacts the development of knowledge management and that of managerial and organizational support systems. This example shows what different perspectives the linguistic turn can provide for investigations within Information Systems. In addition, we will briefly outline the impact of the linguistic turn with respect to methodologies in Information Systems research

Specification of fact calculations within the MetaMIS approach

Based on recent work on the so called MetaMIS approach we show how fact calculations can be specified from a management point of view. The MetaMIS approach's intention is to specify management views on business processes. It comprises a language, a representation formalism and guidelines to define information required for management decisions. Information in general should have pragmatic meaning for the management user. Beyond the task of specifying information in this sense, fact calculations are required to manipulate information. Respective analyzing tasks typically deal with variances, growth rates and other relevant aspects of business processes. We extend the MetaMIS approach to enable the specification of fact calculations in data mart environments. <br

Document Variant Management – Facilitating Enterprise System Definition, Configuration, and Interoperability

Enterprise Systems (ES) provide a standardized means to assist operations and management. Being off-the-shelf software, ES provide a generic approach and they have to be configured to the enterprise’s requirements. The customization of ES is a complex and costly task, therefore especially small and midsize enterprises (SME) flinch from doing so. Independent software vendors can assist SMEs in adapting ES to their needs. To be of reasonable economical value, it must be possible to facilitate the customization process with configuration mechanisms that allow generating customer specific processes and documents from a generic model-based repository. Several high-level configuration mechanisms are presented that add up to a comprehensive procedure for document variant management

Design led innovation: shifting from smart follower to digital strategy leader in the Australian airport sector

This paper presents and discusses organisational barriers and opportunities arising from the dissemination of design led innovation within a leading Australian airport corporation. This research is part of a greater action research program which aims to integrate design as a strategic capability through design led innovation within Australian businesses. Findings reveal that there is an opportunity to employ the theoretical framework and tools of design led innovation in practice to build collaborative idea generation by involving customers and stakeholders within the proposal of new to world propositions. The iterative gathering of deep customer insights also provided an opportunity to leverage a greater understanding of stakeholders and customers in strengthening continuing business partnerships through co-design. Challenges to the design led approach include resistance to the exploratory nature of gathering deep customer insights, the testing of long held assumptions and market data, and the disruption of an organisational mindset geared toward risk aversion instilled within the aviation industry. The implication from these findings is that design led innovation can provide the critical platform to allow for a business to grow and sustain internal design capabilities necessary to challenge prevailing assumptions about how its business model operates to deliver value to customers and stakeholders alike. The platform of design led innovation also provides an avenue to support a cultural transformation towards anticipating future needs necessary for establishing a position of leadership within the broader economic environment

An Epistemological Foundation of Concpetual Modeling

In a business environment, making the right decisions is vital for the success of a company. Making right decisions is inevitably bound to the availability and provision of relevant information. Information systems are supposed to be able to provide this information in an efficient way. Thus, within information systems development a detailed analysis of information supply and information demands has to prevail. Based on Szyperski’s information set and subset-model we will give an epistemological foundation of information modeling in general and show, why conceptual modeling in particular is capable of developing effective and efficient information systems. Furthermore, we derive conceptual modeling requirements based on our findings

Ersatz von Auflagerkonsolen für schwere Kranbahnträger im Bauwerksbestand

Mit Ende des 2. Weltkrieges waren weite Teile Deutschlands und der Industriegebiete zerstört. Nach einer Phase von Reparaturen und Erweiterungen wurden viele Betriebe auf dem Gebiet der Bundesrepublik und der DDR in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren neu errichtet oder umfassend modernisiert. Die in dieser Zeit entstandenen Industriebauten sind mittlerweile mehr als 50 Jahre in Betrieb und die rechnerisch ermittelten Lebensdauern sind oftmals überschritten. Neben einer verlängerten Nutzung der Anlagen wurden diese vielfach erweitert, neugestaltet und müssen oft höhere Produktionsbelastungen ertragen, als während der Errichtungsphase ermessen wurde. Demzufolge ergeben sich für die Erneuerung von alten Bestandsbauten und deren Kranbahnen hier im Besonderen völlig andere Randbedingungen als beim Neubau „auf der grünen Wiese“. Am Beispiel einer sehr komplexen Umbaumaßnahme zur Erneuerung einer Kranbahn im industriellen Bestand eines Hüttenbetriebes soll die Herangehensweise bei der Umsetzung einer solchen Aufgabenstellung, beginnend bei der Verfassung der Aufgabenstellung über mögliche Variantenstudien, materialtechnische Untersuchungen der Altbestandskonstruktion bis hin zur Fertigung und Montage dargestellt werden

Association of Perioperative Regional Analgesia with Postoperative Patient-Reported Pain Outcomes and Opioid Requirements: Comparing 22 Different Surgical Groups in 23,911 Patients from the QUIPS Registry

(1) Background: In many surgical procedures, regional analgesia (RA) techniques are associated with improved postoperative analgesia compared to systemic pain treatment. As continuous RA requires time and experienced staff, it would be helpful to identify settings in which continuous RA has the largest benefit. (2) Methods: On the basis of 23,911 data sets from 179 German and Austrian hospitals, we analyzed the association of perioperative RA with patient-reported pain intensity, functional impairment of movement, nausea and opioid use for different surgeries. Regression analyses adjusted for age, sex and preoperative pain were performed for each surgery and the following groups: patients receiving continuous RA (surgery and ward; RA++), RA for surgery only (RA+−) and patients receiving no RA (RA−−). (3) Results: Lower pain scores in the RA++ compared to the RA−− group were observed in 13 out of 22 surgeries. There was no surgery where pain scores for RA++ were higher than for RA−−. If maximal pain, function and side effects were combined, the largest benefit of continuous RA (RA++) was observed in laparoscopic colon and sigmoid surgery, ankle joint arthrodesis, revision (but not primary) surgery of hip replacement, open nephrectomy and shoulder surgery. The benefit of RA+− was lower than that of RA++. (4) Discussion: The additional benefit of RA for the mentioned surgeries is larger than in many other surgeries in clinical routine. The decision to use RA in a given surgery should be based on the expected pain intensity without RA and its additional benefits

Measuring the Loschmidt amplitude for finite-energy properties of the Fermi-Hubbard model on an ion-trap quantum computer

Calculating the equilibrium properties of condensed matter systems is one of the promising applications of near-term quantum computing. Recently, hybrid quantum-classical time-series algorithms have been proposed to efficiently extract these properties from a measurement of the Loschmidt amplitude $\langle \psi| e^{-i \hat H t}|\psi \rangle$ from initial states $|\psi\rangle$ and a time evolution under the Hamiltonian $\hat H$ up to short times $t$. In this work, we study the operation of this algorithm on a present-day quantum computer. Specifically, we measure the Loschmidt amplitude for the Fermi-Hubbard model on a $16$-site ladder geometry (32 orbitals) on the Quantinuum H2-1 trapped-ion device. We assess the effect of noise on the Loschmidt amplitude and implement algorithm-specific error mitigation techniques. By using a thus-motivated error model, we numerically analyze the influence of noise on the full operation of the quantum-classical algorithm by measuring expectation values of local observables at finite energies. Finally, we estimate the resources needed for scaling up the algorithm.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figure