Visual Motor Integration and relationship to the level of Processing Speed Index among students with Learning Disabilities

The study aim of this research was to determine (Visual Motor Integration, VMI) and its relationship to the level of (Processing Speed Index, PSI) in students with (LD). To achieve the study's objectives, the correlative descriptive method was used. The study comprised (100) Saudi students, including (50) students with (LD) and (50) normal students. Their ages ranged from 8 to 13 years. A Wechsler Scale-4 was also employed. The content validity and concurrent validity of the (cancellation) test in its two sub-categories (Random and Regular) was (80%), and the construct validity was greater than (0.30). The correlation between the sub-tests (Random and Regular) and the total score of the (VMI) test was 0.934-0.937), And for normal students are (0.965, 0.920). The construct validity of the values of the correlation coefficients between the sub-tests and the total score of the (PSI) test was higher than (0.30), and the correlation through the construct validity of the (PSI) test among students (LD), with the (PSI) among normal students. the correlation coefficients for the sub-tests (Coding and Symbol Search) were (0.770, 0.474). and for normal students (0.820, 0.876).       Indications of the (VMI) test's reliability were also obtained through the Content Validity test (Cancellation) with its two branches (Random and Regular) using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.700). The reliability of the (PSI) test was determined using the internal consistency method and Cronbach's alpha test (0.825). The study's findings revealed that the level of (VMI) (cancellation) and (PSI) of (LD) students was extremely low. In addition, no statistically significant relationship exists between (VMI) and (PSI) levels. There were also statistically significant differences in the level of (VMI) due to age in favor of (LD) students in the age group (11–13). There were no statistically significant differences in the level of (VMI) compared to the (Regular) test among students with (LD). There were also statistically significant differences in total intelligence (PSI) levels due to variable students (LD and normal), with an arithmetic mean for (LD) students (65.06) and an arithmetic mean for normal students (101.06).   The study recommends teachers' awareness of the importance of (VMI) intelligence in the (LD) category and conducting studies comparing (PSI) intelligence with the Mild Intellectual Disability category

Nawal Al-Sa’dawi Dalam Tradisi Feminisme Barat

Tulisan ini bertujuan melacak keterpengaruhan fiksi-fiksi Sa’da>wi> dengan pemikiran feminisme Barat. Kajian ini sangat menarik karena resepsi karya-karyanya yang tidak banyak diterima di tempat kelahirannya, namun populer serta diminati di luar negaranya. Ada dua pertanyaan yang dikaji: pertama, bagaimana tema yang ditampilkan Sa’da>wi> dalam karya-karya fiksinya; kedua, bagaimana relasi keterpengaruhan Sa’da>wi> dengan pemikiran feminis Barat. Adapun tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan Muqa>ranah dengan metode deskriptif analitik. Tiga karya fiksi yang menjadi sumber primer di antaranya: “Adab am Qillah Adab” (2000), “Suqu>t}u al-Ima>m” (1987), serta “Imra’ah ‘Inda Nuqt}ah al-S{ifr” (1982). Selanjutnya aliran feminis marxis-sosialis menjadi hipogram dalam tulisan ini. Tulisan ini menghasilkan dua hal: pertama, narasi-narasi fiksi-fiksi Sa’dawi merepresentasikan aliran feminis marxist-sosialis; kedua, keterkaitannya dengan aliran ini dengan melihat Sa’da>wi> sebagai perempuan kelas terdidik yang dapat memperoleh akses informasi lebih luas, aktivitas politiknya, serta motivasi kepenulisannya. This article aims to explain influenced Sa’da>wi> fiction with western feminism. This research very interisting because of the receptions of her works are rejected in her country but became popular accepted outside her country. Two questions in this study: first, how Sa’da>wi> shows the theme in her fictional works; second, how does the relation of Sa’da>wi>’s influence with Western feminist thought\. This research uses Muqa>ranah approach with descriptive analytic method. Three works of fiction are the primary source: “Adab am Qillah Adab” (2000), “Suqu>t}u al-Ima>m” (1987) and “Imra’ah ‘Inda Nuqt}ah al-S{ifr” (1982). Further Marxist-socialist feminist flow becomes a hypogram in this paper. This reserch result in two discovering: first, the narratives of Sa’da>wi>’s fictions represent marxist-sosialist feminist stream; second, its association with this flow by seeing Sa’da>wi> as an educated class woman which can gain wider access to information, political activity and writing motivation

Constructing and Standardizing a Standard for Diagnosing the Indicative Understanding of the Language Skills of Deaf Children and Adolescents in Sign Language from (7-18) years on the Jordanian Environment

This study aims to recognize the effectiveness of diagnosing the Indicative Understanding of the Language Skills of Deaf Via Sign Language from 7- 18 years through measuring the mental ability of sign language for deaf. In order to achieve the objectives of study, the items of Diagnosing the Indicative Understanding of the Language Skills of Deaf are converted after conveying significances for validity, reliability and standards in the sample of deaf children into sign language. The sample consisted of 385 children. The statistical data are addressed by extracting Pearson Correlation, arithmetic means and standard deviations and (t) test besides using One-Way ANOVA test and Scheffe Test and Least Significant Difference. Significance about the validity of Diagnosing the Indicative Understanding of the Language Skills of Deaf and conveyed represented in the content validity, structure validity and correlation validity, factorial validity, and Concurrent Validity. Also, significances about reliability of standard are conveyed and represented in using Cronbach\u27s alpha test, the method of Spearman Brown

Direito & Cooperativismo: discutindo a realidade brasileira

Human society is marked by cooperation. From the evolution of their needs, the human being incorporated this activity as a means of subsistence, in order to obtain benefits in a communitarian and plural way. The transformation of this process into what we know today as cooperativism, a movement that has at its root democratic principles and the goal of mutual development, has taken place gradually. Of European origin, the cooperative wave spread to the rest of the globe, reaching Brazil between 1960 and 1970. From the legal framework of cooperativism in our country there were numerous adaptations. The historical course, therefore, is of utmost importance to understand the movement's movement, its representativeness and form of legal and social organization. This article aims to expose the path of cooperativism in the Brazilian legal system, considering that there is a need for a multidisciplinary approach between them. The main hypothesis is that cooperativism is a major driver of development in southwestern Paraná. Through an exploratory research, conducted together with the collection of information through an interview with the Advisor of UNICAFES (Union of Family Farming Cooperatives and Solidarity Economy) Alcidir Mazzutti Zanco, it was possible to bring to light the urgencies of cooperativism in Brazil. Faced with the characteristic plurality of this movement, the lack of changes that began in the legislative sphere remained evident. In order to achieve the state task of supporting the development of cooperative activity in all spheres: technical, financial and operational.La sociedad humana se caracteriza por la cooperación. Sobre la base de la evolución de sus necesidades, el hombre incorporó esta actividad como medio de subsistencia, con el fin de obtener ingresos de manera comunitaria y plural. La transformación de este proceso en lo que hoy conocemos como cooperativismo, un movimiento que tiene como base principios democráticos y el objetivo del desarrollo mutuo, se produjo gradualmente. De origen europeo, la ola cooperativa se extendió al resto del mundo, llegando a Brasil entre los años 60 y 70. Desde el marco jurídico del cooperativismo en nuestro país, se han producido innumerables adaptaciones. Por lo tanto, el camino histórico es de suma importancia para entender los caminos del movimiento, su representatividad y forma de organización jurídica y social. Este artículo tiene por objeto establecer el camino del cooperativismo en el ordenamiento jurídico brasileño, teniendo en cuenta que es necesario un enfoque multidisciplinario entre ellos. La principal hipótesis es que el cooperativismo es un gran motor del desarrollo en el suroeste de Paraná. Mediante una encuesta exploratoria, realizada conjuntamente con la recopilación de información a través de una entrevista con el Evaluador del UNICAFES (Unión de Cooperativas de Agricultura Familiar y Economía Solidaria) Alcidir Mazzutti Zanco, se pudo poner de manifiesto las necesidades urgentes de las actividades cooperativas en Brasil. Frente a la pluralidad característica de este movimiento, quedó en evidencia la falta de cambios, para empezar en el ámbito legislativo. A fin de cumplir la tarea estatal de apoyar el desarrollo de la actividad cooperativa en todos los ámbitos: técnico, financiero y operativo.A sociedade humana é marcada pela cooperação. A partir da evolução de suas necessidades, o ser humano incorporou esta atividade como meio de subsistência, a fim de obter proveitos de forma comunitária e plural. A transformação desse processo para o que conhecemos hoje como cooperativismo, um movimento que tem em sua raiz princípios democráticos e o objetivo de desenvolvimento mútuo, ocorreu de forma gradual. De origem europeia, a onda cooperativista espalhou-se para o restante do globo, chegando ao Brasil entre os anos 1960 e 1970. A partir do marco legal do cooperativismo em nosso país houveram inúmeras adaptações. O percurso histórico, portanto, é de extrema importância para compreender os deslindes do movimento, sua representatividade e forma de organização jurídica e social. O presente artigo se destina a expor o percurso do cooperativismo no ordenamento jurídico brasieiro, tendo em vista que há uma necessidade de uma abordagem multidisciplinar entre ambos. A hipótese principal é de que o cooperativismo é um grande propulsor do desenvolvimento no Sudoeste do Paraná. Através de uma pesquisa exploratória, realizada em conjunto com a coleta de informações através de entrevista informal (não-estruturada) com o Assessor da UNICAFES (União das Cooperativas da Agricultura Familiar e Economia Solidária) Alcidir Mazzutti Zanco, foi possível realizar uma coleta de informaçãos, a fim de trazer à tona as urgências do cooperativismo no Brasil. Frente à pluralidade característica desse movimento, restou evidenciada a carência de mudanças, a iniciar na esfera legislativa. Para que, seja concretizada a tarefa estatal de apoiar o desenvolvimento da atividade cooperativa em todas as esferas: técnica, financeira e operacional