4 research outputs found
Étude de la contamination de surface des carcasses de bovins dans la zone d'abattage de Kandi, nord du Bénin
Dans ce travail, nous avons évalué en surface la qualité bactériologique des carcasses bovines dans l’aire d'abattage de Kandi au nord du Bénin, en suivant les indications techniques spécifiés dans une note de service des services vétérinaires sur les critères microbiologiques pour les carcasses. Pour un total de la flore mésophile aérobie de 106 ufc/cm2 nous avons trouvé un grand nombre de bacilles gram (+) (40,74 %) et les cocci Gram (+) (38,88 %). Le Gram (-) bacilles étaient de l'ordre de 8,14 % et les champignons 12,24 %.Mots-clés: carcasse bovine, abattoir, microbiologie, législationEnglish AbstractEnglish Title: Study of surface contamination of bovine carcasses in the Kandi slaughter zone, northern BeninIn this work, we have evaluated the bacterial quality of bovine carcasses in the kandi area in northern Benin, following the technical indications specified in a memo from the veterinary services on the microbiological criteria for carcasses. . For a total aerobic mesophilic flora of 106 cfu / cm2 we found a large number of gram (+) bacilli (40.74%) and Gram cocci (+) (38.88%). The Gram (-) bacilli were 8.14% and the fungi 12.24%.Keywords: Bovine carcass, slaughterhouse, microbiology, legislatio
Poor maternal anthropometric status before conception is associated with a deleterious infant growth during the first year of life: a longitudinal preconceptional cohort.
BACKGROUND: According to the Developmental Origins of Health and Diseases concept, exposures in the preconception period may be critical. For the first time, we evaluated the effect of preconception poor anthropometric status on infant's growth in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: A mother-child cohort was followed prospectively from preconception to 1 year old in Benin. Maternal anthropometric status was assessed by prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), approximated by BMI at the first antenatal visit before 7 weeks' gestation, and gestational weight gain (GWG). BMI was categorized as underweight, normal, overweight, and obesity according to World Health Organization standards. GWG was categorized as low (12 kg). In infant, stunting and wasting were defined as length-for-age and weight-for-length z scores less than -2 SD, respectively. We evaluated the association between BMI/GWG and infant's weight and length at birth and during the first year of life, as well as with stunting and wasting at 12 months using mixed linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS: In multivariate, preconceptional underweight was associated with a lower infant's weight at birth and during the first year (-164 g; 95% CI, -307 to -22; and -342 g; 95% CI, -624 to -61, respectively) and with a higher risk of stunting at 12 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.98; 95% CI, 1.01-15.85). Furthermore, preconceptional obesity and a high GWG were associated with a higher weight and length at birth and during the first year. CONCLUSION: Underweight and obesity before conception as well as GWG were associated with infant's growth. These results argue for preventive interventions starting as early as the preconception period to support child long-term health
Elevated plasma interleukin-8 as a risk factor for mortality in children presenting with cerebral malaria
International audienceAbstract Background Cerebral malaria (CM) is a neuropathology which remains one of the deadliest forms of malaria among African children. The kinetics of the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to neuroinflammation and the death or survival of patients during CM are still poorly understood. The increasing production of cytokines, chemokines and other actors of the inflammatory and oxidative response by various local actors in response to neuroinflammation plays a major role during CM, participating in both the amplification of the neuroinflammation phenomenon and its resolution. In this study, we aimed to identify risk factors for CM death among specific variables of inflammatory and oxidative responses to improve our understanding of CM pathogenesis. Methods Children presenting with CM ( n = 70) due to P. falciparum infection were included in southern Benin and divided according to the clinical outcome into 50 children who survived and 20 who died. Clinical examination was complemented by fundoscopic examination and extensive blood biochemical analysis associated with molecular diagnosis by multiplex PCR targeting 14 pathogens in the patients’ cerebrospinal fluid to rule out coinfections. Luminex technology and enzyme immunoassay kits were used to measure 17 plasma and 7 urinary biomarker levels, respectively. Data were analysed by univariate analysis using the nonparametric Mann‒Whitney U test and Pearson’s Chi2 test. Adjusted and multivariate analyses were conducted separately for plasma and urinary biomarkers to identify CM mortality risk factors. Results Univariate analysis revealed higher plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-10, IL-8, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9), granzyme B, and angiopoietin-2 and lower urinary levels of prostanglandine E2 metabolite (PGEM) in children who died compared to those who survived CM (Mann–Whitney U -test, P -values between 0.03 and < 0.0001). The multivariate logistic analysis highlighted elevated plasma levels of IL-8 as the main risk factor for death during CM (adjusted odd ratio = 14.2, P -value = 0.002). Values obtained during follow-up at D3 and D30 revealed immune factors associated with disease resolution, including plasma CXCL5, C–C motif chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17), CCL22, and urinary 15-F2t-isoprostane. Conclusions The main risk factor of death during CM was thus elevated plasma levels of IL-8 at inclusion. Follow-up of patients until D30 revealed marker profiles of disease aggravation and resolution for markers implicated in neutrophil activation, endothelium activation and damage, inflammatory and oxidative response. These results provide important insight into our understanding of CM pathogenesis and clinical outcome and may have important therapeutic implications. Graphical Abstrac
Infected erythrocytes and plasma proteomics reveal a specific protein signature of severe malaria
International audienceAbstract Cerebral malaria (CM), the most lethal complication of Plasmodium falciparum severe malaria (SM), remains fatal for 15–25% of affected children despite the availability of treatment. P. falciparum infects and multiplies in erythrocytes, contributing to anemia, parasite sequestration, and inflammation. An unbiased proteomic assessment of infected erythrocytes and plasma samples from 24 Beninese children was performed to study the complex mechanisms underlying CM. A significant down-regulation of proteins from the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway and an up-regulation of the erythroid precursor marker transferrin receptor protein 1 ( TFRC ) were associated with infected erythrocytes from CM patients. At the plasma level, the samples clustered according to clinical presentation. Significantly, increased levels of the 20S proteasome components were associated with SM. Targeted quantification assays confirmed these findings on a larger cohort ( n = 340). These findings suggest that parasites causing CM preferentially infect reticulocytes or erythroblasts and alter their maturation. Importantly, the host plasma proteome serves as a specific signature of SM and presents a remarkable opportunity for developing innovative diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers