EUV spectra of highly-charged ions W54+^{54+}-W63+^{63+} relevant to ITER diagnostics

We report the first measurements and detailed analysis of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectra (4 nm to 20 nm) of highly-charged tungsten ions W$^{54+}$ to W$^{63+}$ obtained with an electron beam ion trap (EBIT). Collisional-radiative modelling is used to identify strong electric-dipole and magnetic-dipole transitions in all ionization stages. These lines can be used for impurity transport studies and temperature diagnostics in fusion reactors, such as ITER. Identifications of prominent lines from several W ions were confirmed by measurement of isoelectronic EUV spectra of Hf, Ta, and Au. We also discuss the importance of charge exchange recombination for correct description of ionization balance in the EBIT plasma.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

Progress at the Heidelberg EBIT

Two years after the relocation of the Heidelberg EBIT, several experiments are already in operation. Spectroscopic measurements in the optical region have delivered the most precise reported wavelengths for highly charged ions, in the case of the forbidden transitions of Ar XIV and Ar XV. The lifetimes of the metastable levels involved in those transitions has been determined with an error of less than 0.2%. A new, fully automatized x-ray crystal spectrometer allows systematic measurements with very high precision and reproducibility. Absolute measurements of the Lyman series of H-like ions are currently underway. Dielectronic recombination studies have yielded information on rare processes, as two-electron-one photon transitions in Ar16+, or the interference effects between dielectronic and radiative recombination in Hg77+. The apparatus can now operate at electron beam currents of more than 500 mA, and energies up to 100 keV. A further beam energy increase is planned in the near future. Ions can be extracted from the trap and transported to external experiments. Up to 4 x 107 Ar16+ ions per second can be delivered to a 1 cm diameter target at 10 m distance. Charge-exchange experiments with U64+ colliding with a cold He atomic beam have been carried out, as well as experiments aiming at the optimization of the charge state distribution of the extracted via dielectronic recombination. Two new EBITs, currently in advanced state of construction in Heidelberg, will be used for experiments at the VUV free electron laser at TESLA (Hamburg) and for the charge breeding of short-lived radioactive isotopes at the TRIUMF ISAC facility

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Surface modification of ethylene-norbornene copolymer by irradiation with N4+ ion beams

The modifications of copolymer of ethylene and norbornene induced by irradiation with 60 keV N4+ ions to the fluencies of 1.0 x 10(16) ions cm(-2) have been investigated using DSC, TGA, U-V-spectroscopy, direct current surface resistivity and impedance measurements. The measured heat and thermal properties reveal remarkable stability against degradation. Copolymer properties studied at low electric field strengths were directly related to the modified molecular structure. The decrease in electrical resistivity was mainly attributed to conjugated double bond formation observed by ultraviolet spectroscopy. AC conductivity and capacitance obtained from the real and imaginary part of admittance varies with frequency. The movement of charge carriers may be related to relaxation phenomena in the material and is similar to those observed in many amorphous semiconductors. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.6th International Symposium on Ionizing Radiation and Polymers (IRaP 2004), Sep 25-30, 2004, Houffalize, Belgiu

Design aspects and status of construction of the mVINIS ion source

The mVINIS ion source is a multiply charged heavy ion source based on the electron cyclotron resonance effect. This machine is a part of the Tesla Accelerator Installation, an ion accelerator facility whose construction has been going on at the VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. mVINIS is an advanced version of the Dubna electron cyclotron resonance ion source 14-2, constructed at the.Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia. It is a complete injector, consisting of an ECR ion source, focusing and steering-elements, an analyzing magnet, a vacuum system, and an ion beam diagnostic system. The main parts of mVINIS have been designed and manufactured at JINR, while the vacuum equipment, power supplies, ion beam diagnostics, and control system were purchased elsewhere. The preliminary testing (magnetic field measurements, vacuum testing, testing.of the ECR ion source) has been performed at JINR, and the final assembly of the mVINIS and measurement of the ion beam parameters have been going on at the VINCA Institute. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics.7th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS 97), Sep 07-13, 1997, Taormina, Ital

Subshell Resolved Measurements of Single Electron Capture in Slow Ne⁷⁺-Helium Collisions

Single electron capture in collisions of 9 keV/q Ne7+-ions with He has been studied using cold-target recoil-ion momentum spectroscopy (COLTRIMS). With an improved apparatus a longitudinal momentum resolution of 0.07 a.u. has been achieved. This momentum component corresponds to the binding energy of the active electron in the final state. For the first time state-resolved differential cross sections have been determined with respect to the main quantum number, subshell level and spin state of the captured electron