ICT-BASED STUDENT ENTREPRENEURIAL PROJECTS ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMATIC SUPPORT AND EVALUATION OF STUDENT INTEREST

In today’s modern world, more than ever before, students are faced with entrepreneurship based on the use of information and communication technology (ICT) as a reasonable and justified career choice. Whether their career choice would be successful or not depends a lot on the level of system support through entrepreneurial ecosystem during their education. The main objective of this paper is to present the current assessment, indicate the problems and possible solutions regarding the entrepreneurial infrastructure, culture and potential of higher education institutions in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. To achieve this, we have researched the level of the system support to students for development and launch of their ICT based start-ups during and after their university education respecting different educational profiles and demographic characteristics. The research covers the sample of 436 students from seven higher education institutions in Banja Luka at their bachelor studies and includes focus groups, survey, descriptive and inferential statistical methods. We have found significant discrepancy between university ICT programs and infrastructure and student needs. For instance, a quite large number of students interested in ICT industry attended some kind of informal education from this domain and at the same time they were unaware that those and similar programs were freely available at their universities. In this paper we have identified those and similar gaps and compared our research results with similar results in other countries

A simple ssr analysis for genetic diversity estimation of maize landraces

collection of 2217 landraces from western Balkan (former Yugoslavia) is maintained at Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje gene bank. Nine flint and nine dent accessions from six agro-ecological groups (races), chosen on the basis of diverse pedigrees, were analyzed for genetic relatedness using phenotypic and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. One of the aims was to establish a reliable set of SSR markers for a rapid diversity analysis using polyacrilamide gels and ethidium bromide staining. In the principal component analysis (PCA) the first three principal components accounted for 80.86% of total variation and separated most of the flint from dent landraces. Ten SSR primers revealed a total of 56 and 63 alleles in flint and dent landraces, respectively, with low stuttering and good allele resolution on the gels. High average PIC value (0.822) also supports informativeness and utility of the markers used in this study. Higher genetic variation was observed among flint genotypes, as genetic distances between flint landraces covered a larger range of values (0.11- 0.38) than between dent (0.22 - 0.33) genotypes. Both phenotypic and SSR analyses distinguished flint and dent landraces, but neither of them could abstract agro-ecological groups. The SSR method used gave clear, easy to read band patterns that could be used for reliable allele frequency determination. Genetic diversity revealed for both markers indicated that the landraces were highly adapted to specific environmental conditions and purposes and could be valuable sources of genetic variability. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR31028: Exploitation of maize diversity to improve grain quality and drought tolerance

Myocardial bridges: A prospective forensic autopsy study

Introduction When the coronary artery, located subepicardially, submerges into the myocardium and appears again subepicardially after a short intramural course, it represents an embedded coronary artery, while the part of the myocardium above is a myocardial bridge. Objective We investigated the frequency of the embedded left coronary artery (LAD) in the autopsy material considering the descending branch of the LAD to be the most important one in the nourishment of the myocardium and myocardial bridges to be the most frequent in its area, as well as clinically important. Methods A prospective autopsy study of 975 cases was performed, including both, natural (21.33%) and violent (78.67%) deaths. The sample consisted of 74.56% males and 25.44% females. In order to discover myocardyal bridges and their characteristics, the hearts were examined by both transverse cuts and longitudinal openings of the LAD. Results Myocardial bridge was found in 78 cases (8.00%), more commonly in males (9.35%) than females (4.03%). The average length of the myocardial bridge was 21.85±16.10mm and thickness 3.744±1.48 mm. The common localization of the myocardial bridge was the proximal half of the LAD (89.74%). The upper part of the artery, proximal to the bridge, was a common site of atherosclerotic changes. Myocardial bridge was found in 12.50% of natural deaths, but in 13.38% out of all cases of sudden cardiac deaths. Conclusion Therefore, the presence of the myocardial bridge by itself is not predominant, but it is certainly a contributing factor to a sudden cardiac death.Uvod 'Poniruća koronarna arterija' je pojam koji se odnosi na slučaj kada koronarna arterija - inače lokalizovana subepikardno - ponire u miokard i ponovo se pojavljuje subepikardno, posle kratkog puta kroz mišić, pri čemu se mišić iznad nje naziva 'miokardni most'. Cilj rada Istraživali smo učestalost poniruće descendentne grane leve koronarne arterije u autopsijskom materijalu imajući u vidu da je ona najvažnija u ishrani srčanog mišića, da najčešće ponire u srčani mišić i da je vrlo značajna i s kliničkog aspekta. Metode rada Urađena je prospektivna autopsijska studija 975 slučajeva prirodnih (21,33%) i nasilnih smrti (78,67%). Uzorak je obuhvatio 74,56% osoba muškog i 25,44% ženskog pola. Radi otkrivanja miokardnog mosta i analize njegovih osobenosti, nishodna grana leve koronarne arterije otvarana je uzdužnim i poprečnim obdukcionim rezovima. Rezultati Miokardni most je utvrđen u 78 slučajeva (8,00%), češće kod muškaraca (9,35%) nego kod žena (4,03%). Prosečna dužina miokardnog mosta bila je 21,85±16,10 mm, a debljina 3,744±1,48 mm. Najčešća lokalizacija miokardnog mosta bila je u predelu proksimalne polovine descendentne grane leve koronarne arterije (89,74%), a aterosklerotske promene su najčešće ustanovljene ushodno od miokardnog mosta. Miokardni most je postojao u 12,50% slučajeva prirodnih smrti, odnosno u 13,38% slučajeva tzv. naprasnih srčanih smrti. Zaključak Postojanje miokardnog mosta nije predominantni činilac za pojavu naprasne srčane smrti, ali je njegovo postojanje faktor rizika za njen nastanak

GENETIC DIVERSITY IN MAIZE FLINT LANDRACES ASSESSED BY MORPHOLOGICAL AND SSR MARKERS

Maize landraces represent potential sources of favorable traits for current and future breeding programs.. A comparative characterization of twenty-one flint maize landraces from Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje“ gene bank was achieved by using morphological traits and SSR markers. Applied marker systems revealed high level of genetic heterogenity beetween landraces. Cluster analysis of the tested genotypes was based on average values of eighteen observed phenotypic traits. Ten SSR probes revealed total of 68 alleles. Genetic distance between pairs of landraces ranged from 0.05 up to 0.98. Cluster analysis of morphological and SSR markers distances did not exhibited the same grouping of accessions. Individual application of marker systems did not confirm differentiation of certain landraces into a particular agro-ecological group, as was expected according to their origin data. The best way for achieving the most accurate assessment of genetic diversity should comprise parallel application of both approaches

Identification of sterile cytoplasm (CMS) in maize by using specific mtDNA primers

Thirty sources of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) from Maize Gene Bank "Zemun Polje", distributed among Yugoslav OP varieties, have been tested for the presence of particular type of cytoplasm by a single seed multiplex PCR approach with specific primer pairs for T, C and S type cytoplasm. Combination of three pairs of primers in a single PCR reaction, corresponding to the chimeric regions of mtDNA sequences specific for each type of CMS, allowed reliable identification of the major CMS types. Dominant presence of S type cytoplasm was detected. For sources where there is no clear identification of the type of CMS (absence of the PCR band) there is a reasonable doubt that it could be a new, yet unidentified type of CMS.Trideset izvora citoplazmatične muške sterilnosti (CMS) u okviru lokalnih populacija iz Banke gena Instituta za kukuruz "Zemun Polje" je testirano na prisustvo odgovarajućeg tipa citoplazme multipleks PCR metodom, korišćenjem specifičnih prajmera za T, C i S citoplazmu. Kombinovanje tri para prajmera u jednoj PCR reakciji, koji odgovaraju himernim regionima mitohondrijalnih DNK sekvenci specifičnih za svaki tip citoplazme, omogućilo je pouzdanu identifikaciju glavnih tipova sterilne citoplazme. Detektovano je dominantno prisustvo S tipa citoplazme. Za izvore sterilnosti kod kojih nije identifikovan tip sterilne citoplazme (odsustvo PCR trake) postoji realna sumnja da se radi o novim, neidentifikovanim tipovima citoplazmatične muške sterilnosti

MARKER ASISSTED BACKCROSSING FOR INCORPORATION OF THE OPAQUE2 GENE INTO A STANDARD MAIZE INBRED LINE

Quality protein maize (QPM) is the maize with increased levels of two essential amino acids, hard endosperm and good agronomic performances. The recessive opaque2 (o2) mutation increases lysine and tryptophan content in maize grains. It has recently become possible to use marker assisted selection (MAS) to accelerate selection for the o2 allele in QPM breeding process. Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje has a program on developing QPM genotypes for growing in temperate regions. The results presented herein are the part of marker assisted backcross breeding program for incorporation of the o2 into maize inbred line. Marker selected o2 recessive homozygous BC2F2 individuals were subjected to the whole genome background selection, which identified five progenies with 83 to 94% recurrent parent genome content. BC2F3 families are being evaluated for desirable agronomic and biochemical traits in replicated trials and the best lines will represent the QPM version of the standard line