A River Sutra: A Dialogic and Meta-Narrative Work

A River Sutra (The holiest river Mother Narmada), a great novel of Geeta Mehta was published in 1993 which received the greatest attention of all Mehta’s works. The story is told and set around Narmada in central India Though Geeta Mehta, as a postcolonial writer perhaps, known more for her essays than novels, is also a documentary filmmaker and journalist. She is one of the well-known contributors in Indian English Literature, which has a long tradition of women writers such as earlier novelists Kamla Markandaya, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, Anita Desai, Shashi Deshpande, Arundhati Roy, Kiran Desai, etc. All these activities share a focus on India, the country of birth – its history, politics and cultures. The same concerns inform her novel: A River Sutra, a modern revisitation of prevalent traditions of Indian aesthetic and philosophical thought

The Time Conscious Middle-Aged Women in the Novels of Virginia Woolf

Virginia Woolf was highly conscious of the complexity of the inward life of human being .In her later work, her focus was only on inner process of mind unlike her predecessors whose focus was the outer action. According to psychologists outer actions are but the half reality of the human personality. Virginia Woolf was much influence by Freud, Jung and Dorothy Richardson to understand the inner drama or conflict of human mind. Present paper is an effort to focus on her life-like portrayal of middle-aged time conscious women. She portrays all type of characters; the young beloveds and lovers, men of action, religious men, men of lower society and the old but she could portray beautifully only middle-aged women for she herself was a middle-aged woman

Subaltern and Marginalised in the poetry of Namdeo Dhasal

According to the Italian Marxist philosopher Antonio Gramsei, Subaltern and marginalized communities are those sub-sects of the society which are discriminated on the basis of religion, caste, gender, sexuality, culture, tradition, economic status etc. Literature plays a majar role in raising the question of sufferings of against the social supremacy. Anguish of the oppressed communities expressed its strongest protest with piercing words and attacking theme. In the Dalit Literature, Namdeo Dhasal is a universally acknowledged Dalit poet, who attacks social hierarchy with his realistic poems. Namdeo Dhasal’s poetry not only unveils the multiple social oppressions but discusses the social problems also

An Assay: Next Generation Automated Cyber Defense Mechanism against Advanced Phishing Attacks and Campaigns Using Threat Hunting and SOAR Capabilities

We are in the new era of cyber security, now a day’s, a lot of companies and organizations are facing issues against cybercriminals. They are getting more sophisticated attacks creatively and 50-60% of those attacks and incidents are coming through Phishing. Phishing is a type of attack that involves sending an email or making a similar attempt to obtain information from the recipient. To detect these attacks one of solution is Threat Hunting. This whole process takes tedious manual effort and time. To avoid manual intervention and vast time effort we have implemented a framework using different threat hunting approaches conducting an in-depth analysis of phishing emails, integrating with Security Information Event Management (SIEM) and Security Orchestration Automation Response (SOAR) tools and Automated Threat Intel Detection using Internal & External feeds. Here, we combine both automated workflows and Human Investigation to identify advanced persistent attacks. The experiments conducted ascertain that the proposed model can identify 80-90% of threats against any organization and generate accurate metrics & reports

Review on Shatkriyakala – A way to know and treat diseases

Ayurveda is a science of life. It is a system of traditional medicine native to Indian subcontinent but now days its knowledge is accepted worldwide. In Ayurveda prevention of all types of diseases is known as a prominent part of treatment which includes restructuring human lifestyle aligns with the course of nature. Kriyakala means the time of treatment or interception in the process of disease manifestation. These six stages mentioned by Acharya Sushruta gives an idea regarding the state of the disease in the body and it guides us when to intervene or where to inter intervene. Early diagnosis of diseases helps to cure the diseases successfully without much discomfort in planning treatment. The concept is traced in ancient Ayurvedic books. This is an objective approach of ancient scientists helping for the clinical practice. Apart from that the Kriyakala give us the knowledge of diagnosis, prognosis and the level of intervention and so that to prevent the establishment of a disease

PHYSIOLOGICAL CARDIO-RESPIRATORY CHANGES OF AMARNATH YATRIES AT DIFFERENT HEIGHTS OF YATRA: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.

Introduction: More than 3.5 lacs Amarnath Yatries ascend each year to holy Amarnath Cave situated about 3888 meters from the sea level. During ascent for Yatra in the mountains experiences multiple environmental stressors, but the stress unique to high altitudes is the oxygen-deficient atmosphere. This work focused on Physiological cardio-respiratory changes of Amarnath Yatries at different heights of Yatra. Methods: An observational study on Blood Pressure, Oxygen Saturation, Respiratory rate, and Pulse rate was conducted among 75 Amarnath Yatries at different heights during Amarnath Yatra from month of June and July in three years 2012, 2013, and 2014 respectively, and the researcher himself accompanied those groups during all 3 years after receiving ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee RIMS Ranchi and informed consent from Yatries. Results: Oxygen saturation (%) was 97.7±1.8 at Ranchi (control value), this value on exposure to high altitude, at Amarnath Cave (12500 feet) decreased to 75.2±4.3 %. Respiratory Rate (RR) was 15.5±1.8 per minute at Ranchi (control value), this value on exposure to high altitude, at Amarnath Cave (12500 feet) increased to 31.3±2.9 per minute. Pulse Rate (PR) was 87.6±11.9 per minute at Ranchi (control value), this value on exposure to high altitude, at Amarnath Cave (12500 feet) increased to 121.2±10.3 per minute. Conclusion: Blood Pressure, Respiratory rate, and Pulse rate of Amarnath Yatries significantly increase while Oxygen Saturation decreases at Holy Amarnath Cave

Comparative Clinical study of Jatyadi Taila and Jatyadi Ghrita in the management of Dushta Vrana

Dushta Vrana is a common and frequently encountered problem faced in surgical practice. The presence of Dushta Vrana worsens the condition of the patient with different complications and may become fatal. Local factors on wound like slough, infection and foreign body, affect the normal process of healing. A healthy wound in a normal body heals earlier with a minimum scar as compared to a contaminated wound. Therefore in this study all the efforts are made to make a Dushta Vrana into a Shuddha Vrana. Once the Vrana becomes Shuddha, Ropana of the Vrana will start. The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Jatyadi Taila and Jatyadi Ghrita in Dushta Vrana. Clinically diagnosed 60 Patients of Dushta Vrana were randomly divided into two groups, each consisting of 30 Patients. Group A were treated with the Jatyadi Taila and Group B was treated by Jatyadi Ghrita. The results observed was based on the relief obtained on the subjective and objective parameters taken for consideration for this study viz, size of ulcer, discharge, smell, pain, burning sensation, itching and granulation were found significant (P<0.05). On the basis of assessment criteria and overall result of treatment, the patients of Jatyadi Taila group showed better results when compared to Jatyadi Ghrita group. Even though statistically there is no much significant difference between the two groups, but by seeing the effect on individual parameters (subjective and objective) and over all response, Jatyadi Taila seems to be effective when compared to Jatyadi Ghrita. It is having more Ropana qualities when compared to Shodhana

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF STRESS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING INSTITUTE, JHARKHAND.

Background Medical students are more exposed to stressful situations due to their academic pressure, difficult learning environment, and challenging competency-based medical education design that does not provide enough time for their personal life events. So, chronic stress among medical students results in depression, substance abuse, and even suicide. This study aims to determine the prevalence of stress among undergraduate medical students of RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Methodology  This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 258 undergraduate medical students of RIMS, Ranchi from January 2022 to December 2022. Perceived Stress Scale-10 was used to evaluate the degree of stress among undergraduate medical students. Data obtained was analyzed using MS Excel and SSS based on SPSS and Minitab (2018).  Results A total of 258 undergraduate medical students participated in the study of which 41.4% were male and 58.52% were female. Although a moderate stress rate of 68.9% was registered in most participants, 22.48% were affected by high stress. Participants in the 4th professional MBBS are more likely to experience high stress (45.06%) as compared to students in the 2nd professional MBBS, 1st professional MBBS, and 3rd professional MBBS respectively. The difference in stress severity was statistically significant at p <0.05. Conclusion Most undergraduate medical students (68.99%) have moderate stress. Female (29.8%) are more likely to have high stress. The final professional MBBS students (44.06%) have more high stress.  Recommendation Counseling services to medical college students are strongly recommended to address the stress

De novo identification of viral pathogens from cell culture hologenomes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Fast, specific identification and surveillance of pathogens is the cornerstone of any outbreak response system, especially in the case of emerging infectious diseases and viral epidemics. This process is generally tedious and time-consuming thus making it ineffective in traditional settings. The added complexity in these situations is the non-availability of pure isolates of pathogens as they are present as mixed genomes or hologenomes. Next-generation sequencing approaches offer an attractive solution in this scenario as it provides adequate depth of sequencing at fast and affordable costs, apart from making it possible to decipher complex interactions between genomes at a scale that was not possible before. The widespread application of next-generation sequencing in this field has been limited by the non-availability of an efficient computational pipeline to systematically analyze data to delineate pathogen genomes from mixed population of genomes or hologenomes.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>We applied next-generation sequencing on a sample containing mixed population of genomes from an epidemic with appropriate processing and enrichment. The data was analyzed using an extensive computational pipeline involving mapping to reference genome sets and <it>de-novo </it>assembly. In depth analysis of the data generated revealed the presence of sequences corresponding to <it>Japanese encephalitis </it>virus. The genome of the virus was also independently <it>de-novo </it>assembled. The presence of the virus was in addition, verified using standard molecular biology techniques.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our approach can accurately identify causative pathogens from cell culture hologenome samples containing mixed population of genomes and in principle can be applied to patient hologenome samples without any background information. This methodology could be widely applied to identify and isolate pathogen genomes and understand their genomic variability during outbreaks.</p

Population Health Metrics Research Consortium gold standard verbal autopsy validation study: design, implementation, and development of analysis datasets

Background: Verbal autopsy methods are critically important for evaluating the leading causes of death in populations without adequate vital registration systems. With a myriad of analytical and data collection approaches, it is essential to create a high quality validation dataset from different populations to evaluate comparative method performance and make recommendations for future verbal autopsy implementation. This study was undertaken to compile a set of strictly defined gold standard deaths for which verbal autopsies were collected to validate the accuracy of different methods of verbal autopsy cause of death assignment.Methods: Data collection was implemented in six sites in four countries: Andhra Pradesh, India; Bohol, Philippines; Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mexico City, Mexico; Pemba Island, Tanzania; and Uttar Pradesh, India. The Population Health Metrics Research Consortium (PHMRC) developed stringent diagnostic criteria including laboratory, pathology, and medical imaging findings to identify gold standard deaths in health facilities as well as an enhanced verbal autopsy instrument based on World Health Organization (WHO) standards. A cause list was constructed based on the WHO Global Burden of Disease estimates of the leading causes of death, potential to identify unique signs and symptoms, and the likely existence of sufficient medical technology to ascertain gold standard cases. Blinded verbal autopsies were collected on all gold standard deaths.Results: Over 12,000 verbal autopsies on deaths with gold standard diagnoses were collected (7,836 adults, 2,075 children, 1,629 neonates, and 1,002 stillbirths). Difficulties in finding sufficient cases to meet gold standard criteria as well as problems with misclassification for certain causes meant that the target list of causes for analysis was reduced to 34 for adults, 21 for children, and 10 for neonates, excluding stillbirths. To ensure strict independence for the validation of methods and assessment of comparative performance, 500 test-train datasets were created from the universe of cases, covering a range of cause-specific compositions.Conclusions: This unique, robust validation dataset will allow scholars to evaluate the performance of different verbal autopsy analytic methods as well as instrument design. This dataset can be used to inform the implementation of verbal autopsies to more reliably ascertain cause of death in national health information systems