Spatial variability of microbial indicators and assessment of tillage systems on the soil microbiological functioning on organic farming.

Reduction tillage, in modifying the soil microorganisms’ environment, modifies their potential to supply plants nutrients. This is of primary importance in organic farming as the nutrients availability is mainly dependent on the organic matter degradation by microorganisms. To study the effect of tillage on soil physical and microbiological properties, we compare 4 tillage practises (deep and shallow ploughing, chisel and no tillage) in an experimental field near Lyon. Our objective is to link a structural statement with a microbiological functioning in order to study the microorganisms’ abilities to supply nitrogen and phosphorus. For such studies, it is of primary importance to use a convenient sampling design as the microbiological properties are highly variable in space and time. So, we first studied, before the treatments differentiation, the spatial variability of some microbiological properties. We first present this study briefly and its utilities for the future assessment of the tillage practises on the soil microbiological functioning

INNOVATION PERFORMANCE FACTOR OF ECONOMIC ENTITIES

Innovation is the base of economic growth and there for it must be sustained with research and development. The economic enterprises to survive on market, they must became competitive and generate performances there for they have to be innovative. In Romania the innovative entities are unevenly distributed and in time the number of them has growth. There for in this work the inovative entities are treated from the standpoint of economic regions (macroregions 1, 2, 3, 4), years (2002-2006) and economic activity or branchinnovation, performance, economic entities, development, research, economic regions

The comparative hemodynamic efficacy of lower limb muscles using transcutaneous electrical stimulation.

Circulation in the limbs can be augmented using transcutaneous electrical stimulation devices. The optimum muscle stimulation sites for enhancement of vascular hemodynamic parameters have not been identified.Seven suitable anatomic sites were identified within the right leg. Twelve healthy participants were recruited (mean age, 23.1 ± 3 years; body mass index, 23.1 ± 3 kg/m(2)). Muscles were stimulated by transcutaneous bipolar electrodes at a current twice their motor threshold, at 1 Hz, for 5 minutes. Hemodynamic ultrasound measurements were taken from the right femoral vein. Laser Doppler measurements from the feet of the stimulated and nonstimulated sides were obtained. Baseline measurements were compared with readings after 5 minutes of stimulation, with device active. Discomfort experienced for stimulation of each muscle was rated out of 100.Hemodynamic changes displayed large intersubject variation, with no muscle statistically superior to the others. All muscles increased peak velocity; contraction of medial gastrocnemius increased time-averaged maximum velocity and volume flow. All muscles increased foot fluximetry (P < .05). Discomfort correlated weakly with current applied. Tibialis anterior and vastus lateralis were most tenable.Transcutaneous stimulation increases hemodynamic parameters significantly, locally and systemically. No optimum stimulation site has been identified, and it is limited by comfort and variability in the subjects response. Gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and vastus lateralis all provoke large changes in hemodynamic parameters, but clinical efficacy in disease prevention and management has not been explored

A Subtitling Analysis Of Adjective In A Good Day To Die Hard Movie By Syarif Hidayatulloh

The research paper analyzes adjective in subtitling A Good Day To Day Hard movie. The study aims (1) to classify the translation shifts of adjective in A Good Day to Die Hard movie and (2) to describe the equivalent translation shifts of adjective in A Good Day to Die Hard movie. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The object of the study is the movie entitled A Good Day to Die Hard and its subtitling. The data of this study is clauses and sentences consisting adjective found in A Good Day to Die Hard movie. Data source used in this research are English and Indonesian subtitling of A Good Day To Die Hard movie. Based on the analysis, there are 55 or 83,34% data of adjectives that translated using class shift from 8 variations are covered by Adj1 translated into verb, Adj1 translated into noun, Adj1 translated into adverb, Adj2 translated into noun, Adj2 translated into adverb, Adj2 translated into numerical, Adj3 translated into demonstrative, and Adj4 translated into pronominal. Then, there are 11 data or 16,66% data of adjective that uses translation level shift from variations adjective that translated into adjective phrase and adverb phrase. From 66 data which found in this subtitle, all of the data 100% equivalent. It can be concluded that all of the translation shifts of adjective in A Good Day To Die Hard movie are equivalent

Impementasi Hukum Jaminan Pada Transaksi Pembiayaan Musyarakah (Studi Kasus Pada PT. Bank BNI Syariah)

ABSTRACT The existence of the guarantee in the financing transaction is a natural thing in accordance with the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 10 of 1998 concerning Banking that the collateral is an additional guarantee submitted by the Debtor Customer to the bank in the framework of granting credit or financing facility based on Sharia Principles. The approach method used in this research is empirical juridical approach. Juridical is to study the concept of normatifnya or legislation. While empirical is to examine the reality that exists on the implementation of existing security law at PT. Bank BNI Syariah. The results show that basically in the musharaka contract there is no guarantee, but the guarantee is used to avoid the possibility of the customer performing the default and to provide a sense of security for the bank and the customer. Therefore, the bank can request a guarantee to the customer. The concept of legal guarantees applied at PT. Bank BNI Syariah in musyarakah financing is in accordance with the principle of guarantee because it refers to the banking law number. 10 of 1998, UU No. 21 concerning Sharia Banking and Fatwa DSN No. 8/DSN-MUI/IV/2000. The existence of guarantee, and management practiced by PT. Bank BNI Syari'ah which is not in accordance with musyarakah perspective fiqih, this is seen from the enactment of collateral or collateral as a necessary condition in the financing of the customer. Keywords: implementation of guarantee law and musyarakah financing transactio

a. Natural Resource Sustainability

Natural Resource Sustainability is based on the stability of the ecology of agricultural ecosystems based on interactions between soil, water and biodiversity. This Sustainability measures the wealth of ’ nature’s economy ’ and the foundation of all other economies. Nature’s economy includes biodiversity, soil fertility and soil and water conservation that provides the ecological capital for agriculture. Socio-economic sustainability relates to the social ecology of agriculture, including the relationship of society to the environment, the relationship between different social groups engaged in agricultural production and the relationship between producers and consumers

Comparing the age-friendliness of different neighbourhoods using district surveys: an example from Hong Kong

Background To address the age-friendliness of living environment in cities, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the “Age-friendly cities” (AFC) initiative in 2005. To date, however, no universal standard tool for assessing age-friendliness of a community has been agreed. Methodology Two quantitative studies on AFC conducted in two Hong Kong districts—Sha Tin and Tuen Mun—were compared. A total of 801 residents aged ≥50 years were interviewed using structured questionnaires based on the WHO’s AFC criteria. District-wide differences in age-friendliness were compared on the basis of eight domain scores. Multiple linear regression was used to examine associations with demographic and socio-economic characteristics. The provision of services and amenities was also compared to help explain the difference in domain scores. Results Variations in mean domain scores were observed in both districts. Sha Tin showed significantly lower scores in outdoor spaces and buildings, transportation, social participation, respect and social inclusion, civic participation and employment, communication and information, as compared with Tuen Mun. Although a significantly higher score on the housing domain was observed in Sha Tin, differences in community and health services domains were insignificant. Socio-demographic factors, such as age group, gender, area of residence, type of housing, experience of elderly care, employment status, self-rated health and income, were associated with domain scores. However, variations in services and amenities provision appeared not to be strongly associated with district-wide difference in domain scores. Conclusions District differences in public opinions towards age-friendly characteristics were observed in this study. Except for two of the eight domains, Sha Tin had significantly lower scores than Tuen Mun. Some socio-demographic indicators seemed predictive to the differences. Paradoxically, Sha Tin had better services and infrastructure and higher socio-economic status, but lower age-friendliness. This warrants detailed research on psychosocial factors that may influence residents’ perceptions of local environments.published_or_final_versio

Rangkuman dan Kesimpulan Hasil Diskusi Kelompok Lokakarya Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Indonesia Bagian Timur

Pemerintah saat ini, demi untuk pemerataan yang dicita-citakan telah mengarahkan dan memprioritaskan pembangunan termasuk pembangunan kesehatan ke Indonesia Bagian Timur (IBT). Untuk tidak mengulangi permasalahan yang terjadi di Indonesia Bagian Barat pada waktu yang lampau, dan agar pembangunan di IBT benar-benar merupakan pembangunan yang tumbuh dan berkembang dari bawah sesuai dengan kemampuan serta kebutuhan masyarakat setempat, maka kebijaksanaan pembangunan terutama pembangunan kesehatan di IBT perlu dibahas, dicari permasalahan yang terpenting dan segera dipecahkan. Salah satu upaya yang diperlukan adalah penelitian terhadap pelayanan kesehatan atau kebutuhan dan situasi sertakondisi masyarakat setempat yang mempengaruhi pelayanan kesehatan. Tentunya dalam menentukan dan melaksanakan penelitian yang dibutuhkan,sumber daya dan kemampuan institusi penelitian juga perlu dibahas