Design of 8 and 16 Bit LFSR with Maximum Length Feedback Polynomial & Its pipelined Structure Using Verilog HDL

This paper is mainly concerned with the design of random sequences using Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR). This pseudo sequences is mainly used for various communication purposes. The other application such as banking, cryptographic, encoder & decoder. For hardware prototype FPGA is used because of its flexibility to reconfigure design many times. LFSR is a shift register whose output random state depends upon feedback polynomial. But by using pipelined architecture we can reduce the timing of random pattern generated at output by reducing the critical path. It can count maximum 2n-1 states and produce pseudo-random number at the output. Finally, comparing the simple and pipelined architecture of 8 & 16-bit LFSR

Review And Comparative Study Of Motion Estimation Techniques To Reduce Complexity

ABSTRACT: Block matching motion estimation is a key Component in video compression because of its high computational complexity. The process of motion estimation has become a bottleneck problem in many video applications. Typical applications include HDTV, multimedia communications, video conferencing, etc. Motion estimation is a useful in estimating the motion of any object. Motion estimation has been conventionally used in the application of video encoding but nowadays researchers from various fields other than video encoding are turning towards motion estimation to solve various real life problems in their respective fields. In this paper, we present a review of block matching based motion estimation algorithms, reduced complexity of motion estimation techniques and a comparative study across all different algorithms. Also the aim of this study is to provide the reader with a feel of the relative performance of the algorithms, with particular attention to the important trade-off between computational complexity, prediction quality, result quality and other various applications. Keywords: Fixed size block motion estimation (FSBME), Block-based motion estimation (BMME), Peak-Signal-toNoise-Ratio (PSNR), Hybrid block matching algorithm (HBMA). I.INTRODUCTION Motion compensated transform coding forms the basis of the existing video compression Standards H.26 1/H.262 and MPEG-1 /MPEG-2, where the compression algorithm tries to exploit the temporal and spatial redundancies by using some form of motion compensation followed by a transform coding, respectively. The key step in removing temporal redundancy is the motion estimation where a motion Vector is predicted between the current frame and a reference frame. Following the motion estimation, a Motion compensation stage is applied to obtain the residual image, i.e. the pixel differences between the current frame and a reference frame. Later this residual is compressed using transform coding or a combination of transform and entropy coding. The above Video compression standards employs block motion estimation techniques. The main advantages of FSBME (fixed size block motion estimation) are simplicity of the algorithm and the fact that no segmentation information needs to be transmitted In block motion compensated video coding; first image frames are divided into square blocks (FIXED SIZE). The next step is to apply a three-step procedure, consisting of Motion Detection, Motion Estimation and Motion Compensation. Motion detection is used for classifying blocks as moving or non-moving based on a predefined distance or similarity measure. This similarity measure is usually done by MSE (minimum mean square error) criteria or minimum SAD (sum of absolute different) criteria. The output of the motion-estimation algorithm comprises the motion vector for each block, and the pixel value differences between the blocks in the current frame and the "matched" blocks in the reference frame. We call this difference signal the motion compensation error, or simply block error. Many techniques have been proposed for motion estimation for video compression so far. All the methods are proposed keeping any one or more of the three directions aimed that 1.reducing computational complexity 2.representing true motion (proving good quality) 3.reducing bit rate(high compression ratio)

Elementary Time Frequency Analysis of EEG Signal Processing

EEG analysis is used as a tool for medical diagnosis of various diseases related to brain like epilepsy, dementia, brain disorders like stress etc. To identify such neural disorders it is essential to process these signal because of the nonstationary behavior. The time frequency analysis of EEG signals provide the correct visualization of EEG signals to extract the various rhythms of frequencies like alpha, beta, gamma waves. The Wavelet transform is used to carry out the time frequency analysis of EEG signal. Wavelets are used to analyze the EEG signals correctly. Their applications include seizure analysis, modeling of neuron potentials etc. To perform these applications it is necessary to perform the mathematical operations on EEG signal by windowing, filtering and then finally reconstruction

Current Quality Control Methods for Standardization of Herbal Drugs

Herbal formulations are widely accepted as a therapeutic agents for several diseases. The development of authentic analytical methods which can reliably identifies the phytochemical composition, including quantitative analyses of marker/bioactive compounds and other major constituents, is a major challenge to scientists. Standardization is an important parameter for the establishment of a consistent biological activity or simply to maintain the quality of production and manufacturing of herbal drugs. This review covers various standardization parameter according to herbal monograph and elucidated in most comprehensive way to support the researcher in herbal formulation and characterization

Formulation and evaluation of dispersible tablets of diltiazem hydrochloride

Abstract The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate dispersible tablets of Diltiazem HCL using wet granulation method for enhanced patient compliance. Dispersible Tablets prepared using Superdisintegrants such as Croscarmellose Sodium (Ac-Di-Sol) and Sodium Starch Glycolate. Formulations were evaluated for the standard of Dispersible Tablets. It was observed that all the formulations were acceptable with reasonable limits of standard required for Dispersible Tablets. The study reveals that Superdisintegrants used were effective in low concentration. It was concluded that Dispersible Tablets of Dispersible Tablets with enhanced dissolution rate can be made using selected Superdisintegrants

Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary Editorial Board COLONIAL AND 21 ST CENTURY COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES PRESIDENTS: EFFECTS ON CURRENT ADMINISTRATION TRENDS

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper presidents in both public and private colleges and universities are now more accountable to stakeholders, government and the board of trustees than they were in the colonial era. This paper examined the role of colleges and universities presidents in the politically complex context of the colonial periods and the modern era of higher education. Furthermore, it identified traces of historical perceptions that may remain in today's educational settings. It was found that several legislative higher education acts helped increase student enrolment and the responsibility of higher education institutions administrators expanded. Administrative bureaucracies began to rise in the modern era and the universities and colleges became much more like a corporate business with wellstructured administrations. As administrative hierarchies and bureaucratic management developed, trustees became corporate directors responsible for institution maintenance and administrators became business managers. Modern era presidents' salaries skyrocketed in the U.S. It was concluded that the modern president's job has evolved from a cleric to a pure scholar position whose responsibilities span the vast array of functions represented in today's contemporary universities. The roles of modern college administrators are not only centered on decision-making in developing long-term vision and communicating vision and goals to all stakeholders. Presidents in both public and private colleges and universities are now more accountable to stakeholders, government and the board of trustees. It was recommended that struggling colleges and universities could merge with other institutions that are either flourishing or struggling financially to form a viable institution. Standardizing colleges and universities high college presidents' salaries would be an interesting topic for future research

Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary Editorial Board CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON HUMAN HEALTH IN INDIA

ABSTRACT Climate change is a significant and emerging threat to public health security from extreme weather related disasters to wide spread to such vector borne diseases malarias and dengue .Impact of climate change on human health will not be even distributed around world. Climate change is bound to affect the basic requirements for maintaining health. India is a large developing country with highest mountains, density populated coastal areas, 700 million of her1 billion populations in rural areas directly depend up on climate sensitive sectors especially agriculture, forest and fisheries and natural resources for the livelihood. Heat wave, flood and draught cause health problems like malaria, malnutrition and diarrhea in India. The climate change may alter the distribution of important vector species and may increases the spread of diseases to new areas .malaria is one of the important climate change diseases that have been extensively studies in this study

Editorial Board __________________________________________________________________________________________ ELECTRONIC CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (ECRM): BENEFITS AND TRENDS

ABSTRACT Electronic Customer Relationship Management (ECRM) refers to the marketing activities, tools and techniques delivered via the Internet which includes email, world wide web, chat rooms, e-forums, etc., with a specific aim to locate, build and improve long term customer relationships to enhance their individual potential. The Electronic Customer Relationship Management (ECRM) can include the etechnologies and new e-channels including mobile telephony, customer call and contact centre's and voice response systems. This implies that electronic relationship management (ECRM) using mobile marketing may indeed offer an effective way to reach, and build relationships with, demanding customers in rapidly changing markets. Another e-technology offering companies opportunities for managing customer interactions is voice response systems