Trust Based Node Recovery and Checkpointing Techniques in Manets

Checkpointing is a process of determining the vulnerability of node in case of any attack occurs in the network. It depends on the cluster change count value of the node. If the measure of the hop exchanges required to reach the destination node from the current node, is above the previously specified value, the node under consideration is unsafe and safe points must be implemented in between the path and different subnetworks within that network must have their own implemented safe points. The message must commits to the safe points as it reaches the respective sub networks. The message in the networks evolve over the certain subnetworks. The each subnetwork has the checkpoint node, that serves the purpose for communication between different subnetworks, or between the hops in different subnetworks. This phenomenon supports the system efficiency and preserves the robustness. The process retrieval methods, therefore, should be implemented with the use of the safe points to prevent system degradation. In this research paper, an efficient recovery protocol is designed for distributed transactions in MANETs so that failures can be minimised. Dynamic analysis has also been done and it is compared with other existing protocols to validate the attained result

Exploring Gender Disparities in the Utilization of Electronic Information Sources among Indian Doctoral Students: A Thematic Analysis

Electronic information sources are essential for PhD students in India\u27s expanding higher education system. This cohort\u27s gender differences in electronic information resource access, use, and choice are examined. Inclusion and diversity in digital academia need understanding how gender affects information-seeking and resource utilization. Academic equity policies are informed by qualitative thematic analysis of gender inequality. In the digital age, higher education gender equality is crucial. This study examines Indian PhD students\u27 electronic information use by gender. Gender-related information-seeking habits and preferences are examined to find impediments and opportunities for equal access and use. Scholarship must address gender-related information access and use inequities to include women in academia and student resource access. This study examines electronic information resource use, literacy, and barriers in different male and female participants. Surveys illustrate how people choose, evaluate, and use digital information. Many of the analyzed population uses E-journals, E-databases (Research & Statistical Database), and E-databases (Abstracting & Indexing). Interestingly, resource consumption gender discrepancies were minor, indicating equitable access. Despite skill category differences, respondents were confident in their information literacy. These self-assessments demonstrate the need for information literacy training to empower users. Our study found that low computer skills, internet access, power supply instability, and information overload impede technology use. Address these issues for equitable digital resource access and use. This study suggests treating and supporting male and female users. Future study should address socio-economic and cultural resource use issues to create an inclusive and informed digital environment

Curcumin And Etoricoxib Encapsulated Liposomes: Formulation, Characterization And Anti-Inflammatory Effects In Rat Models

To enhance anti-inflammatory efficacy of Curcumin (CURC) and Etoricoxib (ETRX); and to reduce their notorious side effects, they were loaded into liposomal formulations (LFs). The present study aimed at formulation, characterization and evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects of LFs of CURC in combination with ETRX in experimental acute inflammation (AI) in rat model induced by carrageenan administration. The existing pharmaceuticals for treating arthritis are analgesics, steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which reduce the symptoms such as severe pain and inflammation. Classical NSAIDs are cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors that inhibit prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxane synthesis, thereby reducing inflammation. New NSAIDs selectively inhibit COX-2 and are usually specific to inflamed tissue, which decreases the risk of peptic ulcer. However, their long-term use cannot be sustained due to inadequate pain relief, immune disturbances and serious gastrointestinal and cardiovascular adverse events. Therefore, plant-based product like CURC with anti-inflammatory properties and minimum side effects are needed for the treatment of arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis, especially after the withdrawal of many Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti- inflammatory drugs. However, its poor solubility, low chemical stability and short half-life following systemic absorption contribute to CURC being considered a pharmaceutical challenge. Numerous delivery systems have been proposed as means to tailor its biological properties. In this research, we are particularly interested in potential of CURC as an anti-inflammatory agent in combination with ETRX and delivery in the form of LFs. ETRX; a NSAID is proposed to treat inflammation in rat model as it is known for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. ETRX, a widely prescribed anti- inflammatory drug belongs to class IΙ under BCS (biopharmaceutical classification system) and exhibit variable oral bioavailability due to its poor aqueous solubility. This research is aimed to study synergistic effect of a natural compound CURC and an allopathic NSAID moiety ETRX to treat inflammation in rat model, by oral ingestion in the form of LF as an efficient drug delivery system. Hence, we propose LF as a mean to overcome the CURC limitations. Liposomes (LPs) encapsulation of CURC makes this formulation amenable to circumvent the problem of poor oral availability that limits the utility of free CURC. The LFs can potentiate the effects of encapsulated drugs by sustaining the release over an extended period of time. The results of our study demonstrated that the association of CURC with ETRX in the form of LFs could potentiate the anti-inflammatory effects in reduced doses in vitro and in rat model. The LFs were spherical in shape in TEM images at various resolutions. The particle size of optimized CURC-ETRX LPs was found to be 276.1 nm with PDI value of 24.5. The maximum EE for CURC and ETRX in optimized formulation (F2) was found 98.915% and 93.877% respectively. The % EE of CURC-ETRX loaded LFs was found to be dependent on the lipid concentration, resulting almost quantitatively for a maximum 15 mg of total lipids (PC+CL) and progressively decreasing at higher 20 mg of total lipid (PC+CL) content, may be due to precipitation of drugs at higher lipid concentrations. The cumulative percentage release of CURC and ETRX from optimized formulations was found to be 59.64% and 83.11% respectively, for a period of 24 hours. We investigated the in vivo effect of CURC and ETRX loaded LF on local edema in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rat model. The percentage inhibition of edema in rat model was found to be better for CURC-ETRX LF in comparison to conventional CURC and ETRX in solution forms (p<0.05). Hence, the association of CURC and ETRX to a low dose in the form of LFs could be an appropriate combination to decrease NSAID doses used to reduce pain, inflammatory cytokines, and histological changes in AI

SPORTS BY CHOICE OR BY SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS

The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of socio-economic status on sports performance of wrestling players of Haryana State. A sample of 100 Wrestles is selected for the investigation. Socio-economic status of players was measured with the use of the socio-economic status scale prepared by R.L Bharadwaj (1983). The sports performance scale was prepared by researcher herself according to player’s highest achievement in competition at different levels. Findings of the study show that there is a positive significant effect of socio economic status on sports performance of wrestlers of Haryana State