The Concept of Revolution in George Orwells Animal Farm and Ali Ahmed Bakathirs Red Rebel: A Comparative Study

This research is carried out to investigate a very important theme in modern English and Arabic literature the concept of revolution portrayed by two famous English and Arabic literary writers These two writers are the famous English writer George Orwell in one of his most well known political and fable novels Animal Farm and the well known Arabic writer Ali Ahmed Bakathir in his political masterpiece Red Rebel The two famous writers expose and criticize the corruption of totalitarian regimes and communist systems in the modern world that end with great revolutions Orwell and Bakathir have written about violence oppression dictatorship and cruelty that man can inflict on his fellow men There are many points of similarities between the two novels especially the concept of revolutio

Inter-Firm Knowledge Transfer to the Capability of Local Parts Firms in the Malaysian Automobile Industry

The current issue of technology transfer has risen dramatically in the past few years, primary associated with the knowledge transfer. Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in the developed countries are the main actors driving of technology and knowledge to developing countries. Thus the organizations in the developing countries are striving hard to create their internal environment that needed to build strong cooperation with MNCs through strategic alliance. A local parts firm in the Malaysian automobile is considered as one of the most important and strategic industries in the manufacturing sector. However this vital sector is facing remarkable challenges, and in the heart of these challenges is the global competition, rapid changes in consumer behavior, shorter product life cycle, and increasingly saturated market.  Thus this industry is eager to gain new technology and knowledge to advance its capability, sustain competitiveness while consolidating their position in the global market place. A survey questionnaire was developed to investigate the impact of knowledge transfer on the capability of local parts firms in this industry. A result from 59 responds asserted that there is a significant relationship between knowledge transfer based on explicit and tacit knowledge on the capability of this industry. Keywords; Inter-firm Knowledge Transfer, Malaysian automobile Industr

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population.The aim of this study was to inform vaccination prioritization by modelling the impact of vaccination on elective inpatient surgery. The study found that patients aged at least 70 years needing elective surgery should be prioritized alongside other high-risk groups during early vaccination programmes. Once vaccines are rolled out to younger populations, prioritizing surgical patients is advantageous

Pancreatic surgery outcomes: multicentre prospective snapshot study in 67 countries

Background: Pancreatic surgery remains associated with high morbidity rates. Although postoperative mortality appears to have improved with specialization, the outcomes reported in the literature reflect the activity of highly specialized centres. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes following pancreatic surgery worldwide.Methods: This was an international, prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional snapshot study of consecutive patients undergoing pancreatic operations worldwide in a 3-month interval in 2021. The primary outcome was postoperative mortality within 90 days of surgery. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore relationships with Human Development Index (HDI) and other parameters.Results: A total of 4223 patients from 67 countries were analysed. A complication of any severity was detected in 68.7 percent of patients (2901 of 4223). Major complication rates (Clavien-Dindo grade at least IIIa) were 24, 18, and 27 percent, and mortality rates were 10, 5, and 5 per cent in low-to-middle-, high-, and very high-HDI countries respectively. The 90-day postoperative mortality rate was 5.4 per cent (229 of 4223) overall, but was significantly higher in the low-to-middle-HDI group (adjusted OR 2.88, 95 per cent c.i. 1.80 to 4.48). The overall failure-to-rescue rate was 21 percent; however, it was 41 per cent in low-to-middle-compared with 19 per cent in very high-HDI countries.Conclusion: Excess mortality in low-to-middle-HDI countries could be attributable to failure to rescue of patients from severe complications. The authors call for a collaborative response from international and regional associations of pancreatic surgeons to address management related to death from postoperative complications to tackle the global disparities in the outcomes of pancreatic surgery (NCT04652271; ISRCTN95140761)