RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL WORKS ON COWPEA CULTIVATED UNDER ECOPEDOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA

The results obtained in the cowpea culture, studied during 2016-2018 in the conditions of the sandy soils, highlight the importance of germination bed preparation and the size of the nutrition space on the growth and fructification processes of the plant.  Analyzing the soil moisture dynamics during the plant vegetation, there is a better conservation of water in the soil, when was performed by plowing at a depth of 22-25 cm + disking to a depth of 10-15 cm,the soil moisture being within the limits of 6.98-16.8%. The best results were recorded by sowing 25 germinable seeds / m2 in a germination bed prepared by the plowing at a depth of 22-25 cm + disking of 10-15 cm deep (9.75 pods / plant, 8.85 grains / pod, 2483.5 kg / ha). This version was recorded the lowest level of weed (scoring on the EWRS scale with note 2.0, in the branching phase and 1.66, in the flowering phas

EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY AND AVAILABILITY FOR IRRIGATION OF WATER FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES FROM SOUTHERN OLTENIA

The researches were carried out under the conditions of 2019 and aimed at assessing the quality and availability for irrigation of groundwater and surface water from different sources located on the territory of Dabuleni Research Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands (Dabuleni RDSPCS). The results regarding the quality of the water showed different values according to the source and climatic conditions. The average values regarding the fixed mineral residue, pH, nitrate content and ammonium ions, determined in 9 working points, show that the analyzed sources cannot be used as drinking water, but can be used for irrigation of agricultural crops. The obtained results showed the following water quality indicators: mineral residue = 475 -1350 mg / dm3; pH = 7.05 - 8.43; nitrates = 10.23 - 28.08 mg / dm3, ammonium (NH4 +) = 1.73 - 8.82 mg/dm3

STUDY ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF HERBICIDES WITH HIGH SELECTIVITY TO ENSURE CULTURAL HYGIENE IN GRAIN SORGHUM CROPS

The integrated management of weeds uses a combination of biological, cultural, mechanical and chemical measures to combat the weeds in order to maximize the economic profits. Integrated management strategies for cultural hygiene are not sufficiently developed for selective herbicides in order to combat weeds for Sorghum bicolor (L.). The efficacy of the applied herbicides was tested using the Abbott’s formula, and the most effective in controlling weeds in the grain sorghum culture for the Caracal Plain area was found to be the Trek P 334 SE herbicide, with a value of 97.21%, followed by Gardoprim Plus with a calculated coefficient of 95.33% and the herbicide Wing P whose value was 94.15%. The lowest coefficient was recorded for the Casper herbicide, 73.28%. The level of productions made this year in the herbicide experiment using the Alizee hybrid range between 3092 kg/ha at the Control variant and 8150 kg/ha when the Trek P 334 SE herbicide was applied. The increases recorded in all variants with herbicides, regardless of the active substance contained, have achieved very significant increases in production in comparison with the Control variant

Dynamics of tubers' accumulation and the nutritional quality of the potatoes cultivated on the sandy soils from the South plain area from Romania

Potato production is very high performing culture, but also very demanding environmental conditions (climatic) and technological (fertilization, protection). Potato yields are influenced by a complex of biological factors, environmental and technological. The strongest factor limiting production is drought period from May to September, when training and intense accumulation of tubers that occurs with great frequency in all areas of the country's culture. Potato varieties tested in 2008-2010 to the Research-Development Station for the Culture of the Plants on the Sandys Soils Dăbuleni, Dolj County, Romania, regarding the dynamics of accumulation in tubers showed that the variety is an important factor in culture technology. Choosing the right variety of potato crop leads to success. To highlight the ability of potato cultivars to accumulate as early substances in tuber harvesting were done at 45 days of vegetation at 55 days after physiological maturity vegetation and potato plants. Production of tubers in the trade conditions of the area by plain ranged greatly depending on the variety grown and harvest time. Determinations on quantitative accumulation and nutritional quality of potato tubers were performed according to the variety and amount of fertilizer applied to sandy soils in climatic conditions in southern of Oltenia

Effect of Grafting on Tomato Fruit Quality

The study aimed to assess if grafting affects tomato fruit quality. The research has been conducted in greenhouses where grafted and ungrafted tomatoes have been produced. A Romanian tomato hybrid and a Dutch tomato hybrid, ‘Siriana’ F1 and ‘Abellus’ F1, were used as scions and four cultivars of the Lycopersicon genus, ‘Emperador’ F1 (Dutch hybrid), ‘L542’, ‘L543’ and ‘L544’ (Romanian cultivars) were used as rootstocks. Eight grafted variants (‘Siriana’בEmperador’, ‘Siriana’בL542’, ‘Siriana’בL543’, ‘Siriana’בL544’, ‘Abellus’× ‘Emperador’, ‘Abellus’בL542’, ‘Abellus’בL543’, ‘Abellus’בL544’) and two ungrafted variants (‘Siriana’, control and ‘Abellus’, control) were obtained. The tomato fruit quality has been observed at ‘Siriana’ and ‘Abellus’ grafted on all rootstocks. Compared to ungrafted tomatoes, which have yielded 80.1% and 85.3% of extra and first quality fruits, ‘Siriana’ and ‘Abellus’ grafted on ‘Emperador’ have had a very good fruit quality, 82.3% and 86.8% and grafted on Romanian cultivars have had a quality between 79.1-79.8% and 84.1-84.4% to the same quality standards. Analyzing the dependence between the quality categories (extra and first class) and the soluble dry substance content, a positive dependence was observed between grafted plants and ungrafted plants at both hybrids, ‘Siriana’ r2 = 0.4914 and ‘Abellus’ r2 = 0.1517 and the carbohydrates content, a negative dependence was observed between grafted plants and ungrafted plants at both hybrids, ‘Siriana’ r2 = 0.017 and ‘Abellus’ r2 = 0.798. The total vitamin C content has decreased after grafting. The grafting has had an influence on the soluble dry substance content, the total amount of carbohydrates and vitamin C at all grafting combinations. It can be said that the rootstocks played an important role on the fruit quality

Ten Years of Pathway Analysis: Current Approaches and Outstanding Challenges

Pathway analysis has become the first choice for gaining insight into the underlying biology of differentially expressed genes and proteins, as it reduces complexity and has increased explanatory power. We discuss the evolution of knowledge base–driven pathway analysis over its first decade, distinctly divided into three generations. We also discuss the limitations that are specific to each generation, and how they are addressed by successive generations of methods. We identify a number of annotation challenges that must be addressed to enable development of the next generation of pathway analysis methods. Furthermore, we identify a number of methodological challenges that the next generation of methods must tackle to take advantage of the technological advances in genomics and proteomics in order to improve specificity, sensitivity, and relevance of pathway analysis

Hydroboration-Oxidation of (±)-(1α,3α,3aβ,6aβ) -1,2,3,3a,4,6a-Hexahydro-1,3-pentalenedimethanol and Its O-Protected Derivatives: Synthesis of New Compounds Useful for Obtaining (iso)Carbacyclin Analogues and X-ray Analysis of the Products

Hydroboration-oxidation of 2α,4α-dimethanol-1β,5β-bicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en dibenzoate (1) gave alcohols 2 (symmetric) and 3 (unsymmetric) in ~60% yield, together with the monobenzoate diol 4a (37%), resulting from the reduction of the closer benzoate by the intermediate alkylborane. The corresponding alkene and dialdehyde gave only the triols 8 and 9 in ~1:1 ratio. By increasing the reaction time and the temperature, the isomerization of alkylboranes favours the un-symmetrical triol 9. The PDC oxidation of the alcohols gave cleanly the corresponding ketones 5 and 6 and the deprotection of the benzoate groups gave the symmetrical ketone 14, and the cyclic hemiketal 15, all in high yields. The ethylene ketals of the symmetrical ketones 11 and 13 were also obtained. The compounds 5, 6, 11, 13, 14 could be used for synthesis of new (iso)carbacyclin analogues. The structure of the compounds was established by NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by X-ray crystallography