Simulation of systems involving pulse frequency modulation with special reference to modelling of muscle spindle receptors

The pulse frequency modulated form of neural signals can cause significant problems in the application of a system identification approach to the experimental investigation of elements within the neuromuscular control system. The paper describes how computer simulation techniques have been used in the investigation of different methods for the processing of neural signals. The use of an appropriate form of pre-processing method may allow conventional identification techniques to be applied to neurophysiological data

A frequency-domain identification approach to the study of neuromuscular systems - a combined experimental and modelling study

Experimental investigation of the neuromuscular system involves not only analysis of continuous signals but also necessitates the study of sequences of action potentials recorded from individual neurones together with the interactions between several sequences. Trains of action potentials may be regarded as realisations of stochastic point processes and techniques for the identification of point process systems can provide valuable experimental tools for the investigation of neuromuscular systems. Computational methods are presented for estimating the finite Fourier transform of a point process, and the associated spectral estimation procedures are described. An example is presented to illustrate the application of linear point process model identification techniques to the muscle spindle receptor. Using this example, simulation techniques are applied to demonstrate that spectral estimates can provide valuable physiological insight

Radiative π⁰ photoproduction on protons in the Δ⁺ (1232) region

The reaction γp → pπ<sup> </sup>0γ<sup>′</sup> has been measured with the Crystal Ball/TAPS detectors using the energy-tagged photon beam at the electron accelerator facility MAMI-B. Energy and angular differential cross-sections for the emitted photon γ<sup>′</sup> and angular differential cross-sections for the π<sup>0</sup> have been determined with high statistics in the energy range of the Δ<sup>+</sup> (1232)-resonance. Cross-sections and the ratio of the cross-section to the nonradiative process γp → pπ <sup>0</sup> are compared to theoretical reaction models, having the anomalous magnetic moment <i>κ<sub> Δ</sub></i> as free parameter. As the shape of the experimental distributions is not reproduced in detail by the model calculations, currently no extraction of <i>κ<sub> Δ</sub></i> is feasible

The Present and Future of QCD

International audienceThis White Paper presents the community inputs and scientific conclusions from the Hot and Cold QCD Town Meeting that took place September 23-25, 2022 at MIT, as part of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) 2023 Long Range Planning process. A total of 424 physicists registered for the meeting. The meeting highlighted progress in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) nuclear physics since the 2015 LRP (LRP15) and identified key questions and plausible paths to obtaining answers to those questions, defining priorities for our research over the coming decade. In defining the priority of outstanding physics opportunities for the future, both prospects for the short (~ 5 years) and longer term (5-10 years and beyond) are identified together with the facilities, personnel and other resources needed to maximize the discovery potential and maintain United States leadership in QCD physics worldwide. This White Paper is organized as follows: In the Executive Summary, we detail the Recommendations and Initiatives that were presented and discussed at the Town Meeting, and their supporting rationales. Section 2 highlights major progress and accomplishments of the past seven years. It is followed, in Section 3, by an overview of the physics opportunities for the immediate future, and in relation with the next QCD frontier: the EIC. Section 4 provides an overview of the physics motivations and goals associated with the EIC. Section 5 is devoted to the workforce development and support of diversity, equity and inclusion. This is followed by a dedicated section on computing in Section 6. Section 7 describes the national need for nuclear data science and the relevance to QCD research

The Present and Future of QCD

This White Paper presents the community inputs and scientific conclusions from the Hot and Cold QCD Town Meeting that took place September 23-25, 2022 at MIT, as part of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) 2023 Long Range Planning process. A total of 424 physicists registered for the meeting. The meeting highlighted progress in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) nuclear physics since the 2015 LRP (LRP15) and identified key questions and plausible paths to obtaining answers to those questions, defining priorities for our research over the coming decade. In defining the priority of outstanding physics opportunities for the future, both prospects for the short (~ 5 years) and longer term (5-10 years and beyond) are identified together with the facilities, personnel and other resources needed to maximize the discovery potential and maintain United States leadership in QCD physics worldwide. This White Paper is organized as follows: In the Executive Summary, we detail the Recommendations and Initiatives that were presented and discussed at the Town Meeting, and their supporting rationales. Section 2 highlights major progress and accomplishments of the past seven years. It is followed, in Section 3, by an overview of the physics opportunities for the immediate future, and in relation with the next QCD frontier: the EIC. Section 4 provides an overview of the physics motivations and goals associated with the EIC. Section 5 is devoted to the workforce development and support of diversity, equity and inclusion. This is followed by a dedicated section on computing in Section 6. Section 7 describes the national need for nuclear data science and the relevance to QCD research

The present and future of QCD

International audienceThis White Paper presents an overview of the current status and future perspective of QCD research, based on the community inputs and scientific conclusions from the 2022 Hot and Cold QCD Town Meeting. We present the progress made in the last decade toward a deep understanding of both the fundamental structure of the sub-atomic matter of nucleon and nucleus in cold QCD, and the hot QCD matter in heavy ion collisions. We identify key questions of QCD research and plausible paths to obtaining answers to those questions in the near future, hence defining priorities of our research over the coming decades