The Idea of Social Life

This paper reclaims the idea that human society is a form of life, an idea once vibrant in the work of Toennies, Durkheim, Simmel, Le Bon, Kroeber, Freud, Bion, and Follett but moribund today. Despite current disparagements, this idea remains the only and best answer to our primary experience of society as vital feeling. The main obstacle to conceiving society as a life is linguistic; the logical form of life is incommensurate with the logical form of language. However, it is possible to extend our conceptual reach by appealing to alternative symbolisms more congenial to living form such as, and especially, art.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68336/2/10.1177_004839319502500201.pd

Trends in Outcomes for Neonates Born Very Preterm and Very Low Birth Weight in 11 High-Income Countries

Objective To evaluate outcome trends of neonates born very preterm in 11 high-income countries participating in the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes of neonates. Study design In a retrospective cohort study, we included 154 233 neonates admitted to 529 neonatal units between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2015, at 24(0/7) to 31(6/7) weeks of gestational age and birth weight <1500 g. Composite outcomes were in-hospital mortality or any of severe neurologic injury, treated retinopathy of prematurity, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD); and same composite outcome excluding BPD. Secondary outcomes were mortality and individual morbidities. For each country, annual outcome trends and adjusted relative risks comparing epoch 2 (2012-2015) to epoch 1 (2007-2011) were analyzed. Results For composite outcome including BPD, the trend decreased in Canada and Israel but increased in Australia and New Zealand, Japan, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. For composite outcome excluding BPD, the trend decreased in all countries except Spain, Sweden, Tuscany, and the United Kingdom. The risk of composite outcome was lower in epoch 2 than epoch 1 in Canada (adjusted relative risks 0.78; 95% CI 0.74-0.82) only. The risk of composite outcome excluding BPD was significantly lower in epoch 2 compared with epoch 1 in Australia and New Zealand, Canada, Finland, Japan, and Switzerland. Mortality rates reduced in most countries in epoch 2. BPD rates increased significantly in all countries except Canada, Israel, Finland, and Tuscany. Conclusions In most countries, mortality decreased whereas BPD increased for neonates born very preterm

The present and future of QCD

This White Paper presents an overview of the current status and future perspective of QCD research, based on the community inputs and scientific conclusions from the 2022 Hot and Cold QCD Town Meeting. We present the progress made in the last decade toward a deep understanding of both the fundamental structure of the sub-atomic matter of nucleon and nucleus in cold QCD, and the hot QCD matter in heavy ion collisions. We identify key questions of QCD research and plausible paths to obtaining answers to those questions in the near future, hence defining priorities of our research over the coming decades

Cost Effectivness Of Inteligent Liver Function Test(ILFT) For Investigating Patients With Abnormal Liver Function Test

Objectives: Liver function tests are widely used by GPs in UK. Abnormal results from these tests(ALFTs) are common, and are either left uninvestigated further– potentially overlooking curable liver disease which would otherwise be fatal, or associated with a lengthy process of retesting, referral, costing both the patient and the health services time and resources. iLFT is a semi-automated liver test cascading system with a structured diagnostic algorithm to maximise the efficiency of requesting LFTs. This study undertook a cost-effectiveness analysis of the iLFT decision tool compared to routine practice in Scotland, UK. Methods: An economic evaluation alongside the trial, and lifetime model undertaken from the perspective of NHS of Scotland. A step wedge design trial was carried out which compared effect before and after intervention. Within trial outcomes are reported as incremental cost per correct diagnosis at six months follow up, while a Markov model was used to extrapolate out to a life-time analysis of costs and quality adjusted life years gained in each arm, to account for early detection of Alcoholic Liver Disease(ALD) and Non-Alcoholic Liver Fatty liver Disease(NAFLD). Results: The within trial analysis found costs to be £ 198.99 (95%CI 180.05, 217.94) and £260.14 (95%CI 190.93, 329.35) in routine practice and iLFT arms respectively. Probability of correct liver diagnosis was 0.41 (95%CI 0.37,0.46) in routine and 0.94 (95%CI 0.88,0.99) in iLFT, resulting in an ICER of £117.59 (95%CI 88,126) . The lifetime model found an incremental QALY gain of 0.99(95%CI .0843, .115) and a decreased cost of -31227.6(95%CI -31655.38, -30957.55at) , resulting in an ICER of £-312872. Conclusions: iLFT has a higher correct diagnosis rate and cost in short-term, in life-time model it dominates