COMPARING THE GENERAL HEALTH, LIFE EXPECTANCY AND HAPPINESS OF MOTHERS OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN WITH MOTHERS OF NORMAL CHILDREN

This study compares life expectancy, public health and happiness of mothers of normal students with mothers of autistic children. Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder that is yet unknown as most serious and most childhood disorders. As long the incidence of autism is increasing, the focusing on the needs and experiences of parents is urgent. This study compared general health, happiness and hope to the lives of mothers of children normal with mothers of autistic children. Participants in the study were mothers of autistic and normal school students in Mazandaran Province, Iran. 112 mothers were selected through cloning method. Miller hopes questionnaire, a questionnaire with 28 questions GHO, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire used as research tools for statistical analysis of data, descriptive statistics (such as frequency tables, charts, etc.) and inferential statistics, independent t-test to compare two groups were used. The results showed that hope, health and happiness of mothers of autistic and normal students the difference was significant. The results showed that students' disabilities and autism has negative effects on their mothers' general health, hope, and happiness.  Article visualizations

Predicting Marital Conflicts in Couples Based on A Systemic Approach Mediated by Personality Traits

AbstractIntroduction: Marital conflicts are among the main factors that threaten marital relations and contribute to conflicts and divorces in Iranian society. The present study has been carried out in order to predict marital conflicts in couples based on a systemic approach mediated by personality traits in the cities of Tehran and Qom.Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of troubled/struggling couples in Tehran and Qom. The sample consisted of 540 men and women with marital conflict selected by convenience sampling. The research instruments included Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, (NEO) Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ), and the Family Assessment Device (FAD). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation method and structural equation modeling using SPSS version 22.0 and LISREL version 8.0 software.Results: Results revealed that the hypothetical model fit the measurement model (CFI = 0.97; IFI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.088). In addition, the systemic approach components mediated by personality traits were able to explain marital conflicts (P = 0.001). These components indirectly influenced marital conflicts through personality traits (β = -0.38, P = 0.005).Conclusions: Overall, the findings verified the marital conflict model based on a systemic approach mediated by the personality traits

Mismatching-Aware Unsupervised Translation Quality Estimation For Low-Resource Languages

Translation Quality Estimation (QE) is the task of predicting the quality of machine translation (MT) output without any reference. This task has gained increasing attention as an important component in the practical applications of MT. In this paper, we first propose XLMRScore, which is a cross-lingual counterpart of BERTScore computed via the XLM-RoBERTa (XLMR) model. This metric can be used as a simple unsupervised QE method, while employing it results in two issues: firstly, the untranslated tokens leading to unexpectedly high translation scores, and secondly, the issue of mismatching errors between source and hypothesis tokens when applying the greedy matching in XLMRScore. To mitigate these issues, we suggest replacing untranslated words with the unknown token and the cross-lingual alignment of the pre-trained model to represent aligned words closer to each other, respectively. We evaluate the proposed method on four low-resource language pairs of WMT21 QE shared task, as well as a new English-Farsi test dataset introduced in this paper. Experiments show that our method could get comparable results with the supervised baseline for two zero-shot scenarios, i.e., with less than 0.01 difference in Pearson correlation, while outperforming unsupervised rivals in all the low-resource language pairs for above 8%, on average.Comment: Submitted to Language Resources and Evaluatio

Prediction of Marital Conflicts Based on a Systems Approach with the Mediating Role of Attachment Styles

Background: Attachment style is a major variable in the creation and description of marital problems and has received greater attention in recent years. The traits of secure attachment include constructive emotional interactions and intimate marital relationships. The present study aimed to predict marital conflicts using a problem-centered systems approach with the mediating role of attachment styles among conflicting couples. Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, the statistical population in this study was the total number of conflicted couples in Tehran and Qom in 2020. The sample included 540 men and women with marital conflict selected by convenience sampling. The research instruments included the Experience in Close Relationship Scale (ECR-S), the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ), and the Family Assessment Device (FAD). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation method and structural equation modeling using SPSS version 22.0 and LISREL version 8.0 software. Results: The assessment of the hypothetical model of the research indicated that it was a good fit with the measurement model (CFI>0.90; IFI>0.90; RMSE>0.08). The results demonstrated that the components of the systems approach with the mediating role of attachment styles could explain marital conflicts (P<0.001). These components had an indirect relationship with marital conflicts through attachment styles (β= -0.27, P= 0.01). Conclusion: Based on the results, the proposed model had a good fit. Overall, the findings verified the marital conflict model based on a systemic approach mediated by attachment styles

Trend analysis of Air Quality Index criteria pollutants (CO, NO2, SO2, PM10 and O3) concentration changes in Tehran metropolis and its relationship with meteorological data, 2001-2009

Background and Aims: Air pollution is a serious threat to public health and environment. Factors contributing to air pollution have to be identified in order to reduce the corresponding effects. Meteorological data are among the noteworthy factors in determining the severity of air pollution. This study was conducted to investigate the trend of five criteria pollutants in air quality index and to find their correlation with meteorological data in Tehran metropolis during 2001- 2009. Materials and Methods: During this descriptive-analytical study, the required data were obtained from Air Quality Department of Tehran’s Municipality, the Environmental Protection Agency and also from the synoptic stations of Meteorological Organization. SPSS software was used for data analysis. The trends in concentration of studied pollutants including: CO, PM10, SO2, NO2 and O3, as well as meteorological data and their correlation were indeed considered. Results: The current study found that during the studied period, the concentration of O3 shows an increasing trend. Therefore, this pollutant could be a major factor, if not the only one, raising the index of air pollution in recent years. Another important result of this study can be cited to decrease in concentrations of CO, NO2, and SO2 during the years of present study. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that although the air quality in Tehran has improved in term of particulate matter, SO2 and NO2 during the period of study, however the concentration of ozone has increased beyond the standard. It was also possible to draw a meaningful conclusion relating to the impact of some meteorological parameters in airpollution. Keywords: Air pollution, Criteria pollutants, Meteorological data, Tehran metropoli

Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavior Training on Modifying Self and Other- Deception among Females with Irrational Beliefs

Introduction: Self-deception and other-deception can be understood as lying to themselves and others. This research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral intervention on improving self-deception and other-deception in women with irrational beliefs.Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with two groups of experimental and control and by implementation of pre- and post-test, and using sample of 30 participants (15 in experimental group and 15 in control group). The sampling method was convenient method among volunteer women eligible to inclusion-exclusion criteria of research object. Measuring tools were Self-deception and other-deception and irrational beliefs questionnaires. Data were analyzed using MANOVA test.Results: Cognitive-behavioral intervention reduced self-deception, other-deception, and irrational beliefs in the experimental group compared with the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: According to this results study, cognitive-behavioral therapy can be an efficient intervention for the correction of irrational beliefs, self-deception and other-deception.Declaration of Interest: NoneKey words: Cognitive-behavioral intervention, Irrational beliefs, Self-deception, Other-deception

Can human papillomavirus vaccination during pregnancy result in miscarriage and stillbirth? A meta-analysis and systematic review

NTRODUCTION Contradictory results regarding the safety of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination during pregnancy have been obtained, which has cast doubt on the use of this method. This review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the safety of HPV vaccination during pregnancy. METHODS Complying with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we searched Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, PubMed and Google Scholar databases for articles published in the past decade using the following keywords: `papilloma human virus', `HPV vaccine', `pregnancy' and `safety and prevention'. The minimum report quality of the articles was 16 based on the STROBE checklist. RESULTS Seven articles were included in the study, three of which were included in the meta-analysis, and the rest were reviewed systematically. The results of the meta-analysis showed that vaccination against HPV during pregnancy or around this period does not increase the risk of miscarriage (RR= 2.01; 95% CI: 0.66-6.13) and stillbirth (RR=2.02: 95% CI: 0.65-6.27). No significant difference between miscarriage and stillbirth was observed in women vaccinated against HPV versus those not vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS The study of 1380424 individuals showed that HPV vaccination during pregnancy is better postponed until after this period. However, no significant evidence was found to indicate that vaccination was dangerous and unsafe during pregnancy. Further studies are needed to draw a more definitive conclusion