Isolement en France du virus du rabougrissement de l'arachide (peanut stunt virus, psv)

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Description préliminaire d’un potyvirus isolé de courgette (Cucurbita pepo L.) en Guadeloupe

En Guadeloupe, le virus 1 de la mosaïque de la pastèque, Papaya Ringspot Virus-Watermelon (PRSV-W)= Watermelon Mosaic Virus 1 (WMV-1), est très répandu dans les cultures de courgette où il provoque des symptômes de mosaïque avec cloques et des déformations filiformes très marquées sur le feuillage et également des déformations de fruits. Depuis 1982, on a constaté qu’un autre faciès maladif était aussi épidémique dans les champs de courgette. Il se distingue de celui de PRSV-W par une mosaïque donnant un aspect tigré au feuillage et l’absence de déformation filiforme. L’isolat (Q10) provenant de l’une des plantes infectées par la souche « Tigré » a été étudié. Le virus est transmissible par inoculation mécanique. Il est transmis par puceron sur le mode non persistant mais à un taux différent de celui observé pour le PRSV-W. Sa gamme d’hôtes est analogue à celle du PRSV-W. Elle est limitée à la famille des Cucurbitacées et en particulier, les génotypes de Cucumis melo, C. metuliferus, Cucurbita ecuaderensis et C. foetidissima résistants au PRSV-W sont aussi résistants à l’isolat Q10. Les particules virales sont flexueuses. L’infection induit dans le cytoplasme la formation d’inclusions amorphes et d’inclusions cylindriques se classant dans la subdivision I. Des tests sérologiques d’immunodiffusion en présence de dodécyl-sulfate de sodium et des tests en ISEM (Immunosorbent Electron Microscopy) ont montré que l’isolat Q10 ne réagissait avec aucun des sérums dont nous disposions préparés contre les virus suivants : PRSV-W, Watermelon Mosaic Virus 2 (WMV-2), Watermelon Mosaic Virus « Morocco » (WMV-M), Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus (ZYMV), Zucchini Yellow Fleck Virus (ZYFV). Inversement, PRSV-W, WMV2 et ZYMV n’ont pas réagi avec le sérum préparé spécifiquement contre l’isolat Q10. L’isolat Q10 a des propriétés biologiques proches de celles du PRSV-W ; il s’en distingue par son taux de transmission par puceron, sa symptomatologie sur certains hôtes et par ses propriétés sérologiques. Une étude complémentaire permettra d’établir si cet isolat doit être considéré comme un sérotype du PRSV-W ou comme un virus à part entière.In Guadeloupe, a Caribbean island, the watermelon strain of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV-W = watermelon mosaic virus 1, WMV-1) is commonly encountered in squash fields. It induces a severe mosaic with blistering and filiformism on squash leaves, and a deformation of fruits. Since 1982, a new disease has been found epidemically in squash fields, the symptoms being leaf discoloration according to a striped ("Tigre") pattern and limited filiformism. An isolate (Q10), collected from a squash showing the "Tigre" symptom, was studied. The virus was transmitted mechanically and also transmitted by aphids in the non-persistent manner and less efficiently than PRSV-W. Its host range was similar to that of PRSV-W. It was restricted to the Cucurbit family, and genotypes of Cucumis melo, C. metuliferus, Cucurbita ecuadorensis and C. foetidissima resistant to PRSV-W were also resistant to isolate Q10. Virus particles were filamentous. Infection induced in the cytoplasm the formation of amorphous and cylindrical type I inclusions. Sodium dodecyl sulfateimmunodiffusion and ISEM (Immunosorbent Electron Microscopy) tests showed that isolate Q10 did not react with sera prepared against the following viruses : PRSV, watermelon mosaic virus 2 (WMV-2) watermelon mosaic virus "Morocco" (WMV-M), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), zucchini yellow fleck virus (ZYFV). Conversely, PRSV-W, WMV-2 ans ZYMV did not react with the serum specifically prepared against isolate Q10. Some biological properties of isolate Q10 and PRSV-W were similar but the viruses could be distinguished by their aphid transmission rate, symptoms on some hosts and serological properties. Further studies will show whether this isolate should be considered as a new serotype of PRSV or as a new virus

Ecologie et épidémiologie du virus de la mosaïque du concombre dans le sud-est de la France. VI- Conservation de deux types de populations virales dans les plantes sauvages

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Identification of plum pox virus determinants implicated in specific interactions with different Prunus spp.

UMR BGPI - Equipe 6 Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699International audienceThe characterization of pathogenic properties of two infectious clones of Plum pox virus (PPV) isolates, pGPPV (D group) and pGPPVPS (M group), was investigated in their woody hosts (seedlings of Prunus spp.). The two clones differed in their ability to infect plum and peach cultivars, from no infection to local and systemic infection. The phenotype determinants were located with a set of chimeric viruses from the two clones. In plum, determinants of systemic infection were located in a genomic fragment encoding the P3 and 6K1 proteins, which might influence genome amplification or virus movement. The capacity of pGPPVPS to induce stable local and systemic infections in peach was not located accurately and might be influenced by multiple determinants carried by different regions of the genome, excluding those encoding the protein 1, the majority of helper component, nuclear inclusions a and b, and coat protein. We conclude that PPV infections of plum and peach are governed by different determinants

Contribution of Research in the West Indies and Northeast Amazonia to Knowledge of the 2014–2015 Chikungunya Epidemic in the Americas

International audienceAbstract Purpose of Review Although the chikungunya virus was discovered more than 60 years ago, it has only really been studied since the outbreak in La Reunion in 2005–2006. Ten years later, between 2014 and 2015, the chikungunya virus spread throughout the Americas, affecting millions of people. The objective of this review is to describe the contributions of research on chikungunya virus infection gained from epidemic in the West Indies and the Guiana Shield. Recent Findings Prevalence data were similar to those found in the Indian Ocean or Asia during epidemics. Clinically, there is now a better understanding of the typical, atypical, and severe forms. Several studies have insisted on the presence of neurological forms of chikungunya infection, such as encephalitis or Guillain–Barré syndrome. Cases of septic shock due to chikungunya virus as well as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura were described for the first time. Given the magnitude of the epidemic and the large number of people affected, this has led to a better description and new classifications of chikungunya virus infections in specific populations such as pregnant women, the elderly, and children. Several studies also described the behavior of populations faced with an emerging disease. Summary Current epidemiological data from tropical regions highlights the risk of spreading emerging diseases at higher latitudes, especially concerning arboviruses, since the vector Aedes albopictus is already established in many parts of northern countries. A better understanding of the disease and its epidemic dynamics will foster better management, the crucial importance of which was demonstrated during the COVID-19 epidemic