37 research outputs found
Space Charge at Nanoscale: Probing Injection and Dynamic Phenomena Under Dark/Light Configurations by Using KPFM and C-AFM
International audienc
Détermination des lois de mélange idéal des grandeurs thermodynamiques en mélanges de non-électrolytes
LâĂ©tude des interactions molĂ©culaires dans les mĂ©langes de non-Ă©lectrolytes sâeffectue souvent au moyen de fonctions dâexcĂšs traduisant les dĂ©viations dâune propriĂ©tĂ© par rapport Ă lâidĂ©alitĂ©. Nous avons donc prĂ©cisĂ© tout dâabord les divers critĂšres dâidĂ©alitĂ©, totale ou partielle, puis Ă©laborĂ© une systĂ©matique dĂ©rivĂ©e des lois de conservation des grandeurs thermodynamiques extensives, dites gĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ©es. Ces dĂ©marches nous ont permis dâĂ©tablir lâexpression des lois de mĂ©lange idĂ©al pour un trĂšs grand nombre de grandeurs thermodynamiques et ce, selon des critĂšres mathĂ©matiques dĂ©pourvus de tout empirisme. Ce travail est enfin illustrĂ© par lâapplication Ă des variables thermodynamiques dont, pour certaines, les lois de mĂ©lange idĂ©al, ou bien nâĂ©taient pas connues, ou bien Ă©taient proposĂ©es sous diverses formes contradictoires
A scanning probe microscopy study of nanostructured TiO2/poly(3-hexylthiophene) hybrid heterojunctions for photovoltaic applications
The nanoscale morphology of photoactive hybrid heterojunctions plays a key role in the performances of hybrid solar cells. In this work, the heterojunctions consist of a nanocolumnar TiO2 surface covalently grafted with a monolayer of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) functionalized with carboxylic groups (âCOOH). Through a joint analysis of the photovoltaic properties at the nanoscale by photoconductive-AFM (PC-AFM) and surface photovoltage imaging, we investigated the physical mechanisms taking place locally during the photovoltaic process and the correlation to the nanoscale morphology. A down-shift of the vacuum level of the TiO2 surface upon grafting was measured by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), evidencing the formation of a dipole at the TiO2/P3HT-COOH interface. Upon in situ illumination, a positive photovoltage was observed as a result of the accumulation of photogenerated holes in the P3HT layer. A positive photocurrent was recorded in PC-AFM measurements, whose spatial mapping was interpreted consistently with the corresponding KPFM analysis, offering a correlated analysis of interest from both a theoretical and material design perspective