35 research outputs found
Appendix C. Supporting video files of model dynamics.
Supporting video files of model dynamics
Appendix A. Supporting figures of model structure and output.
Supporting figures of model structure and output
Appendix B. Standardized regression coefficients for two models, each aiming to predict the volume of intersection in summer.
Standardized regression coefficients for two models, each aiming to predict the volume of intersection in summer
Data_MacNultyetalPLOSONE
Counts of the number of times wolves in different-sized hunting groups attempted and succeeded to attack and capture bison in Yellowstone National Park, 1996-2013. These are the frequency data presented in Figure 2 of the article
Appendix C. Mean pack size tends to increase with total population density for the Northern Range wolf population (1996β2011).
Mean pack size tends to increase with total population density for the Northern Range wolf population (1996β2011)
Effects of hunting group size on the probability that wolves attack (a) and capture (b), bison.
<p>Open circles are population-averaged fitted values with 95% confidence intervals from the best-fit GLMM models of hunting success (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0112884#pone.0112884.s001" target="_blank">Table S1</a>). The estimated coefficients before and after each breakpoint are: 0.52Β±0.15 (<i>P</i><0.001) and 0.11Β±0.07 (<i>P</i>β=β0.10) (a); 0.34Β±0.09 (<i>P</i><0.001) and β0.21Β±0.32 (<i>P</i>β=β0.50) (b). The number of wolf-bison encounters included in each analysis is: 218 (a) and 106 (b). Filled circles are observed frequencies with sample size indicated above each point. Analyses were performed on the raw binary data and not the illustrated data points, which are provided as a visual aid.</p
Behavior of wolves hunting bison: (a) approach, (b) attack-individual, (c, d) capture (see <b>Table 1</b> for definitions).
<p>βAttackingβ is the transition from (a) to (b), and βcapturingβ is the transition from (b) to (c, d). (Photo credit: Daniel Stahler, Douglas Smith).</p
Comparative effects of group size on the success of wolves attacking (a) and capturing (b) bison and elk.
<p>Lines are population-averaged fitted values from the best-fit GLMMs of wolves hunting bison (Fig. 2aβb in this study; Nβ=β106β218 wolf-bison encounters) and elk (Fig. 1a, 1c in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0112884#pone.0112884-MacNulty1" target="_blank">[10]</a>; Nβ=β235β355 wolf-elk encounters). Slopes were statistically different from zero before each breakpoint (Ξ²β=β0.34β0.52, SE β=β0.09β0.19, <i>P</i><0.001β0.05) but not after (Ξ²β=β β0.21β0.11, SE β=β0.05β0.32, <i>P</i>>0.10β0.50), indicating that success was effectively constant beyond each breakpoint. Shaded areas (dark β=β bison; light β=β elk) highlight uncertainty about the location of each breakpoint as identified in the confidence set of spline models (ΞAICc <2) for each analysis (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0112884#pone.0112884.s001" target="_blank">Table S1aβb</a> in this study; <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0112884#pone.0112884.s001" target="_blank">Table S1a and S1c</a> in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0112884#pone.0112884-MacNulty1" target="_blank">[10]</a>). Identical methods were used to collect and analyze data for each species.</p