Post-Secondary Financial Aid Foundational Report: 2013-14 to 2018-19

We use data from school year (SY) 2013-14 to SY 2018-19 to study the amounts and types of financial aid that students in the University System of Georgia (USG) receive. Focusing on four populations of students–first-time freshmen pursuing a bachelor’s degree (BA), first-time freshmen pursuing a bachelor’s degree who ever receive a Pell grant (Pell), first-time freshmen pursuing an associate degree (Associate), and students over the age of 25 pursuing a bachelor’s degree (Non-traditional)–we find large differences in the average amount and types of aid the students in these four population groups receive in both their first fall semester and in total over a four-year period. We find large differences across institutions and among students with different demographic and economic characteristics in both the average amount of financial aid received as well as the prevalence of students who ever receive the HOPE Scholarship and Zell Miller Scholarship, two prominent merit-based Georgia scholarships. We also examine trends in aid receipt over time

A Multi-State Analysis of Trends in Career and Technical Education: Massachusetts, Michigan, and Tennessee

Participation in high-school based career and technical education (CTE) has risen dramatically nationwide in recent years, yet state comparisons do not exist because definitions are not unified across states. In the first multi-state, multi-year study of high-school CTE, researchers use student-level data to observe trends over time; factors that predict concentrating in a CTE program; and educational outcomes for students who do or do not concentrate in CTE, with a special focus on differences across race and disability status. Results from this effort demonstrate the wide differences in CTE when multiple state contexts are included. Researchers also highlight a few trends, policy recommendations, and areas for future research based on the work done in Massachusetts, Michigan, and Tennessee

An Electrically Detonated Downhole Seismic Gun

An electrically detonated downhole seismic gun (EDG) that will fire blank 8-guage shells underwater has been constructed and tested to 80m depth (hydrostatic pressures of 130 psi or 8.9 x 105 Pa). Although other engineering seismic guns which fire blank or projectile sources are available, they are for near-surface shots and are not meant to be used for downhold seismic surveys in water-filled boreholes. The EDG was designed primarily for checkshot surveys (well travel-time surveys) and high-quality reflection/refraction tests, but potential applications include shallow vertical seismic profiling and borehole to borehole or borehole to surface tomography, as well as optimum offset and common midpoint seismic reflection surveys. The EDG consists off four steel subassemblies: (1) chamber; (2) breech; (3) pipe; and (4) hanger. A blank 8-gauge electrical shell is held by the chamber and is detonated by an electrode located inside the breech. O-ring seals prevent water from entering the breech and causing short circuits. The breech is screwed into a pipe which is also fitted with o-ring seals to keep the internal wiring dry. A hanger subassembly provides a convenient attaching point for the hoist cable. Arming of the EDG with an explosives blaster occurs only after lowering to operating depth. The EDG has been tested with various size black powder loads up to 750 grains. Frequency bandwidth and repeatability tests were carried out under saturated conditions in a fluvial and lacustrine sedimentary section. These preliminary tests show significant frequency content in the 25-200 Hz band (peak near 100 Hz) for reflections from depths of 150-300 m, and acceptable waveform repeatability for different shot records obtained with identical geometry and acquisition parameters

Ocean bottom seismic scattering

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1990.GRSN 589503Includes bibliographical references (p. 299-301).by Martin Eugene Dougherty.Ph.D

Survival in equilibrium step fluctuations

We report the results of analytic and numerical investigations of the time scale of survival or non-zero-crossing probability $S(t)$ in equilibrium step fluctuations described by Langevin equations appropriate for attachment/detachment and edge-diffusion limited kinetics. An exact relation between long-time behaviors of the survival probability and the autocorrelation function is established and numerically verified. $S(t)$ is shown to exhibit simple scaling behavior as a function of system size and sampling time. Our theoretical results are in agreement with those obtained from an analysis of experimental dynamical STM data on step fluctuations on Al/Si(111) and Ag(111) surfaces.Comment: RevTeX, 4 pages, 3 figure

Investigating the interaction of sunset yellow aggregates and 6-fluoro-2- naphthoic acid: increasing probe molecule complexity

The interaction of small molecules with non-covalent assemblies is of wide interest. The use of a magnetically-active reporter nucleus allows information to be obtained in the presence of spectral overlap or in cases of high dynamic range. In this paper we explore the interaction of a larger probe molecule, 6-fluoro-2-naphthoic acid with assemblies of sunset yellow using 19F chemical shifts and diffusion NMR methods. Comparing the observations with previous studies using fluorophenols, 6-fluoro-2- naphthoic acid prefers to associate as clusters at the ends of the sunset yellow stacks