Gross Anatomy for Physical Therapy course

The study of anatomy supported with human dissection is foundational to training of health science professionals. For a student, cadaver dissection offers an active learning experience. For the training of physical therapists, we created a manual that efficiently instructs the dissection of the whole body over the course of 30 laboratory periods. In the spirit of academic collegiality, this letter provides health science educators a direct download link (https://hdl.handle.net/11299/218174) to the dissection manual hosted by the University of Minnesota (USA) Digital Conservancy. No registration is required, the download is free, and the PDF file of the dissection manual can be reproduced or adapted for any educational use. &nbsp

Linear endobronchial ultrasonography: a novelty turned necessity for mediastinal nodal assessment.

Linear endobronchial ultrasound was first described in 2003. Since then the technique has spread rapidly and has now become an established practice in many centres as the first-line mediastinal investigation for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. In combination with endoscopic ultrasound, the majority of the mediastinum can be assessed and this approach has been shown to have equivalent accuracy to surgical staging. This strategy is also cost-effective. New tissue processing techniques using liquid-based thin-layer cytology and cell blocks have increased diagnostic yield using immunohistochemical staining and molecular diagnostics. Several meta-analyses of case series and, more recently, randomised controlled trials have provided high-level evidence of efficacy leading to incorporation into national lung cancer staging guidelines. In addition, linear endobronchial ultrasound is increasingly used in the investigation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy for suspected sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and lymphoma. While undoubtedly endobronchial/endoscopic ultrasound has reduced the need for surgical staging in lung cancer, the latter still has an important role to play in certain scenarios. The challenge now facing clinicians is to learn to apply the appropriate test or sequence of tests in each patient while ensuring that operators are appropriately trained in order to ensure optimal outcomes

The Grizzly, October 2, 2003

Sexual Assault Reported on Campus • Water Worries Burst in Reimert • Senior in the Market for Success • Tough Crowd: Bush Speaks to the United Nations • Opinions: Out of the Middle East, Part 4; Pharming: The Scariest New Drug Fad; To Tan or Not to Tan?; Maples-palooza! • Is Collegeville Boring? • Smart Shopping • CAB Events • The Glory of Ursinus: Bomberger Memorial Hall • Bears Obliterate Mt. Ida, 47-0 • Women\u27s Soccer Take Two • Volleyball Ends Losing Streak • Bears Overtake Quakers in Hockey Season Opener • Japanese Women Wrestlers • UC Field Hockey Team Continues Domination in C.C. Play • Ursinus XC Invades Celtic Fest 2003https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1543/thumbnail.jp

Air quality impacts of fuel cell electric hydrogen vehicles with high levels of renewable power generation

The introduction of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) operating on hydrogen is a key strategy to mitigate pollutant emissions from the light duty vehicle (LDV) transportation sector in pursuit of air quality (AQ) improvements. Further, concomitant increases in renewable power generation could assist in achieving benefits via electrolysis-provided hydrogen as a vehicle fuel. However, it is unclear (1) reductions in emissions translate to changes in primary and secondary pollutant concentrations and (2) how effects compare to those from emissions in other transport sectors including heavy duty vehicles (HDV). This work assesses how the adoption of FCEVs in counties expected to support alternative LDV technologies affect atmospheric concentrations of ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) throughout California (CA) in the year 2055 relative to a gasoline vehicle baseline. Further, impacts of reducing HDV emissions are explored to facilitate comparison among technology classes. A base year emissions inventory is grown to 2055 representing a business-as-usual progression of economic sectors, including primarily petroleum fuel consumption by LDV and HDVs. Emissions are spatially and temporally resolved and used in simulations of atmospheric chemistry and transport to evaluate distributions of primary and secondary pollutants respective to baseline. Results indicate that light-duty FCEV Cases achieve significant reductions in ozone and PM2.5 when LDV market shares reach 50–100% in early adoption counties, including areas distant from deployment sites. Reflecting a cleaner LDV baseline fleet in 2055, emissions from HDVs impact ozone and PM2.5 at comparable or greater levels than light duty FCEVs. Additionally, the importance of emissions from petroleum fuel infrastructure (PFI) activity is demonstrated in impacts on ozone and PM2.5 burdens, with large refinery complexes representing a key source of air pollution in 2055. Results presented provide insight into light duty FCEV deployment strategies that can achieve maximum reductions in ozone and PM2.5 and will assist decision makers in developing effective transportation sector AQ mitigation strategies

Salmonella enterica serovars associated with bacteremia in Canada, 2006–2019

Background: Members of the bacterial genus Salmonella cause salmonellosis, a disease with a spectrum of clinical presentations from a self-limiting gastroenteritis to more severe bacteremia, organ failure and sepsis. The genus consists of over 2,600 serological variants (serovars). Important differences in the pathogenesis of Salmonella serovars have been noted. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine which Salmonella serovars were more likely to be associated with bacteremia in Canada. Methods: Information on the total number of Salmonella infections and blood isolations reported to the National Enteric Surveillance Program (NESP) from 2006 to 2019 was extracted for each serovar. The risk (proportion) and likelihood (odds) of bacteremia were calculated for all serovars. Results: Of the 96,082 Salmonella cases reported to the NESP during the 14-year study period, 4.4% (95% CI: 4.3%–4.6%) were bacteremic. Twenty nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars were associated with lower rates of bacteremia compared to all NTS serovars, and 19 NTS serovars were identified as having higher rates. Heidelberg, Oranienburg, Schwarzengrund, Virchow, Panama and Poona among the top 25 most commonly reported serovars in Canada during the study period. Conclusion: The identification of serovars associated with Salmonella bacteremia in Canada is a first step towards understanding differences in pathogenesis and disease presentation

Sérovars de Salmonella enterica associés à des bactériémies au Canada, 2006 à 2019

Contexte : Les membres du genre bactérien Salmonella sont à l’origine de la salmonellose, une maladie dont les manifestations cliniques varient d’une gastro-entérite autolimitée à une bactériémie plus grave, une défaillance organique et une septicémie. Le genre se compose de plus de 2 600 variantes sérologiques (sérovars). On a remarqué des différences importantes dans la pathogenèse des sérovars de Salmonella. Objectif : Le but de cette étude était de déterminer quels sérovars de Salmonella étaient plus susceptibles d’être associés à des bactériémies au Canada. Méthodes : Pour chaque sérovar, on a extrait les informations sur le nombre total d’infections à Salmonella et d’isolats sanguins signalés au Programme national de surveillance des maladies entériques de 2006 à 2019. Le risque (proportion) et la probabilité (cote) de bactériémie ont été calculés pour tous les sérovars. Résultats : Sur les 96 082 cas de salmonellose signalés au Programme national de surveillance des maladies entériques pendant la période d’étude de 14 ans, 4,4 % (IC 95 % : 4,3 %–4,6 %) étaient bactériémiques. Vingt sérovars de Salmonella non typhique ont été associés à des taux plus faibles de bactériémie par rapport à tous les sérovars de Salmonella non typhique, et 19 sérovars de Salmonella non typhique ont été identifiés comme ayant des taux plus élevés, Heidelberg, Oranienburg, Schwarzengrund, Virchow, Panama et Poona comptant parmi les 25 sérovars les plus fréquemment signalés au Canada pendant la période d’étude. Conclusion : L’identification des sérovars associés aux bactériémies à Salmonella au Canada est un premier pas vers la compréhension des différences dans la pathogenèse et la présentation de la maladie

Impact of estrogen deficiency on diaphragm and leg muscle contractile function in female mdx mice.

Female carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) presenting with DMD symptomology similar to males with DMD, such as skeletal muscle weakness and cardiomyopathy, are termed manifesting carriers. There is phenotypic variability among manifesting carriers including the age of onset, which can range from the first to fourth decade of life. In females, estrogen levels typically begin to decline during the fourth decade of life and estrogen deficiency contributes to loss of muscle strength and recovery of strength following injury. Thus, we questioned whether the decline of estrogen impacts the development of DMD symptoms in females. To address this question, we studied 6-8 month-old homozygous mdx female mice randomly assigned to a sham or ovariectomy (OVX) surgical group. In vivo whole-body plethysmography assessed ventilatory function and diaphragm muscle strength was measured in vitro before and after fatigue. Anterior crural muscles were analyzed in vivo for contractile function, fatigue, and in response to eccentric contraction (ECC)-induced injury. For the latter, 50 maximal ECCs were performed by the anterior crural muscles to induce injury. Body mass, uterine mass, hypoxia-hypercapnia ventilatory response, and fatigue index were analyzed by a pooled unpaired t-test. A two-way ANOVA was used to analyze ventilatory measurements. Fatigue and ECC-injury recovery experiments were analyzed by a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. Results show no differences between sham and OVX mdx mice in ventilatory function, strength, or recovery of strength after fatigue in the diaphragm muscle or anterior crural muscles (p ≥ 0.078). However, OVX mice had significantly greater eccentric torque loss and blunted recovery of strength after ECC-induced injury compared to sham mice (p ≤ 0.019). Although the results show that loss of estrogen has minimal impact on skeletal muscle contractile function in female mdx mice, a key finding suggests that estrogen is important in muscle recovery in female mdx mice after injury