Quality of care and health-related quality of life of climacteric stage women cared for in family medicine clinics in Mexico

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objectives</p> <p>1) To design and validate indicators to measure the quality of the process of care that climacteric stage women receive in family medicine clinics (FMC). 2) To assess the quality of care that climacteric stage women receive in FMC. 3) To determine the association between quality of care and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) among climacteric stage women.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study had two phases: I. Design and validation of indicators to measure the quality of care process by using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method. II. Evaluation of the quality of care and its association with HR-QoL through a cross-sectional study conducted in two FMC located in Mexico City that included 410 climacteric stage women. The quality of care was measured by estimating the percentage of recommended care received (PRCR) by climacteric stage women in three process components: health promotion, screening, and treatment. The HR-QoL was measured using the Cervantes scale (0-155). The association between quality of care and HR-QoL was estimated through multiple linear regression analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The lowest mean of PRCR was for the health promotion component (24.1%) and the highest for the treatment component (86.6%). The mean of HR-QoL was 50.1 points. The regression analysis showed that in the treatment component, for every 10 additional points of the PRCR, the global HR-QoL improved 2.8 points on the Cervantes scale (coefficient -0.28, P < 0.0001).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The indicators to measure quality of care for climacteric stage women are applicable and feasible in family medicine settings. There is a positive association between the quality of the treatment component and HR-QoL; this would encourage interventions to improve quality of care for climacteric stage women.</p

Potential drug-drug and drug-disease interactions in prescriptions for ambulatory patients over 50 years of age in family medicine clinics in Mexico City

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In Mexico, inappropriate prescription of drugs with potential interactions causing serious risks to patient health has been little studied. Work in this area has focused mainly on hospitalized patients, with only specific drug combinations analyzed; moreover, the studies have not produced conclusive results. In the present study, we determined the frequency of potential drug-drug and drug-disease interactions in prescriptions for ambulatory patients over 50 years of age, who used Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) family medicine clinics. In addition, we aimed to identify the associated factors for these interactions.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We collected information on general patient characteristics, medical histories, and medication (complete data). The study included 624 ambulatory patients over 50 years of age, with non-malignant pain syndrome, who made ambulatory visits to two IMSS family medicine clinics in Mexico City. The patients received 7-day prescriptions for non-opioid analgesics. The potential interactions were identified by using the Thompson Micromedex program. Data were analyzed using descriptive, bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The average number of prescribed drugs was 5.9 ± 2.5. About 80.0% of patients had prescriptions implying one or more potential drug-drug interactions and 3.8% of patients were prescribed drug combinations with interactions that should be avoided. Also, 64.0% of patients had prescriptions implying one or more potential drug disease interactions. The factors significantly associated with having one or more potential interactions included: taking 5 or more medicines (adjusted Odds Ratio (OR): 4.34, 95%CI: 2.76–6.83), patient age 60 years or older (adjusted OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.01–2.74) and suffering from cardiovascular diseases (adjusted OR: 7.26, 95% CI: 4.61–11.44).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The high frequency of prescription of drugs with potential drug interactions showed in this study suggests that it is common practice in primary care level. To lower the frequency of potential interactions it could be necessary to make a careful selection of therapeutic alternatives, and in cases without other options, patients should be continuously monitored to identify adverse events.</p

Violencia de pareja en mujeres embarazadas en la Ciudad de México

OBJETIVO: Analisar los factores relacionados a la violencia de pareja en mujeres embarazadas. MÉTODOS: Se recolectó la información de 383 mujeres derechohabientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social que acudieron a control prenatal en cinco Unidades de Medicina Familiar en la Ciudad de México entre septiembre del 2003 y agosto del 2004. Ellas respondieran a un cuestionario de violencia elaborado específicamente para el estudio. RESULTADOS: De las mujeres, 120 (31.1%) reportaron haber estado expuestas a la violencia psicológica y/o física, y/o sexual por parte de su pareja masculina durante el embarazo actual, el 10% reportaron violencia combinada y 21% violencia aislada. La violencia psicológica fue la más frecuentemente reportada (93% del grupo "había experimentado violencia"). Con relación a la percepción sobre la violencia no había diferencias significativas entre los grupos de mujeres con y sin violencia. Solo alrededor de 20% de las mujeres tenían conocimiento sobre los lugares donde atienden a las victimas de violencia. Los factores asociados significativamente a la violencia de pareja en las mujeres embarazadas fueron ser soltera (RM=3.02, IC 95%:1.17;7.83), vivir en unión libre (RM=2.22, IC 95%: 1.11;4.42), antecedentes de violencia en la infancia (RM=3.08, IC 95%:1.62;5.85), consumo de bebidas alcohólicas en la pareja (RM=1.87, IC 95%:1.02;3.42) y presencia de alteraciones emocionales (RM=4.17, IC 95%: 1.12;15.51). CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados refuerzan los hallazgos de otros estudios de que el problema de violencia en mujeres embarazadas en México sigue siendo un problema frecuente.OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores relacionados à violência conjugal em mulheres grávidas. MÉTODOS: Analisaram-se dados de 383 mulheres seguradas do Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social que procuraram o programa pré-natal em cinco unidades de medicina familiar da Cidade do México, entre setembro de 2003 e agosto de 2004. Essas mulheres responderam a um questionário de violência elaborado especificamente para o estudo. RESULTADOS: Das mulheres, 120 (31,1%) relataram ter sido expostas à violência psicológica e/ou física, e/ou sexual por parte de seu parceiro durante a gravidez atual, 10% reportaram violência combinada e 21% violência isolada. A violência psicológica foi a mais freqüentemente relatada (93% do grupo havia "sofrido violência"). Com relação à percepção sobre a violência, houve diferenças significativas entre o grupo que sofreu e o que não sofreu violência. Apenas 20,3% tinham conhecimento sobre os lugares onde as vítimas de violência eram atendidas. Os fatores associados significativamente à violência conjugal em grávidas foram: ser solteira (OR=3,02; IC 95%:1,17;7,83), viver em união livre (OR=2,22; IC 95%: 1,11;4,42), antecedentes de violência na infância da mulher (OR=3,08; IC 95%:1,62;5,85), consumo de bebidas alcoólicas pelo parceiro (OR=1,87; IC 95%:1,02;3,42) e presença de alterações emocionais (OR=4,17; IC 95%: 1,12;15,51). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados reforçam os achados de outros estudos de que o problema de violência em mulheres grávidas no México continua sendo um problema freqüente.OBJECTIVE: To assess factors related to partner violence against pregnant women. METHODS: Data were collected from 383 pregnant women eligible attending five family medicine units of the Mexican institute of social security in Mexico City, Mexico, between September 2003 and August 2004. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire developed for the study. RESULTS: Of all women interviewed, 120 (31.1%) reported that they had been exposed to psychological and/or physical and/or sexual violence perpetrated by their partners during the current pregnancy; 10% reported combined violence and 21% isolated violence. Psychological violence was most frequently reported (in 93% of the "experienced violence" group). As for their perception of violence there was not found any significant differences between those women who had experienced versus those who did not experience violence. Only about 20% of women had knowledge of centers for women victims of violence. The factors significantly associated with partner violence among pregnant women included: being single (OR=3.02; 95% CI: 1.17;7.83), being unmarried and living with a partner (OR=2.22; 95% CI: 1.11;4.42), history of violence during childhood (OR= 3.08; 95% CI: 1.62;5.85), alcohol consumption by the partner (OR=1.87; 95% CI: 1.02;3.42) and emotional distress among women (OR=4.17; 95% CI: 1.12;15.51). CONCLUSIONS: The study results stress other research findings that violence against pregnant Mexican women is still common

Violencia de pareja en mujeres embarazadas en la Ciudad de México Partner violence against pregnant women in Mexico City

OBJETIVO: Analisar los factores relacionados a la violencia de pareja en mujeres embarazadas. MÉTODOS: Se recolectó la información de 383 mujeres derechohabientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social que acudieron a control prenatal en cinco Unidades de Medicina Familiar en la Ciudad de México entre septiembre del 2003 y agosto del 2004. Ellas respondieran a un cuestionario de violencia elaborado específicamente para el estudio. RESULTADOS: De las mujeres, 120 (31.1%) reportaron haber estado expuestas a la violencia psicológica y/o física, y/o sexual por parte de su pareja masculina durante el embarazo actual, el 10% reportaron violencia combinada y 21% violencia aislada. La violencia psicológica fue la más frecuentemente reportada (93% del grupo "había experimentado violencia"). Con relación a la percepción sobre la violencia no había diferencias significativas entre los grupos de mujeres con y sin violencia. Solo alrededor de 20% de las mujeres tenían conocimiento sobre los lugares donde atienden a las victimas de violencia. Los factores asociados significativamente a la violencia de pareja en las mujeres embarazadas fueron ser soltera (RM=3.02, IC 95%:1.17;7.83), vivir en unión libre (RM=2.22, IC 95%: 1.11;4.42), antecedentes de violencia en la infancia (RM=3.08, IC 95%:1.62;5.85), consumo de bebidas alcohólicas en la pareja (RM=1.87, IC 95%:1.02;3.42) y presencia de alteraciones emocionales (RM=4.17, IC 95%: 1.12;15.51). CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados refuerzan los hallazgos de otros estudios de que el problema de violencia en mujeres embarazadas en México sigue siendo un problema frecuente.OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores relacionados à violência conjugal em mulheres grávidas. MÉTODOS: Analisaram-se dados de 383 mulheres seguradas do Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social que procuraram o programa pré-natal em cinco unidades de medicina familiar da Cidade do México, entre setembro de 2003 e agosto de 2004. Essas mulheres responderam a um questionário de violência elaborado especificamente para o estudo. RESULTADOS: Das mulheres, 120 (31,1%) relataram ter sido expostas à violência psicológica e/ou física, e/ou sexual por parte de seu parceiro durante a gravidez atual, 10% reportaram violência combinada e 21% violência isolada. A violência psicológica foi a mais freqüentemente relatada (93% do grupo havia "sofrido violência"). Com relação à percepção sobre a violência, houve diferenças significativas entre o grupo que sofreu e o que não sofreu violência. Apenas 20,3% tinham conhecimento sobre os lugares onde as vítimas de violência eram atendidas. Os fatores associados significativamente à violência conjugal em grávidas foram: ser solteira (OR=3,02; IC 95%:1,17;7,83), viver em união livre (OR=2,22; IC 95%: 1,11;4,42), antecedentes de violência na infância da mulher (OR=3,08; IC 95%:1,62;5,85), consumo de bebidas alcoólicas pelo parceiro (OR=1,87; IC 95%:1,02;3,42) e presença de alterações emocionais (OR=4,17; IC 95%: 1,12;15,51). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados reforçam os achados de outros estudos de que o problema de violência em mulheres grávidas no México continua sendo um problema freqüente.OBJECTIVE: To assess factors related to partner violence against pregnant women. METHODS: Data were collected from 383 pregnant women eligible attending five family medicine units of the Mexican institute of social security in Mexico City, Mexico, between September 2003 and August 2004. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire developed for the study. RESULTS: Of all women interviewed, 120 (31.1%) reported that they had been exposed to psychological and/or physical and/or sexual violence perpetrated by their partners during the current pregnancy; 10% reported combined violence and 21% isolated violence. Psychological violence was most frequently reported (in 93% of the "experienced violence" group). As for their perception of violence there was not found any significant differences between those women who had experienced versus those who did not experience violence. Only about 20% of women had knowledge of centers for women victims of violence. The factors significantly associated with partner violence among pregnant women included: being single (OR=3.02; 95% CI: 1.17;7.83), being unmarried and living with a partner (OR=2.22; 95% CI: 1.11;4.42), history of violence during childhood (OR= 3.08; 95% CI: 1.62;5.85), alcohol consumption by the partner (OR=1.87; 95% CI: 1.02;3.42) and emotional distress among women (OR=4.17; 95% CI: 1.12;15.51). CONCLUSIONS: The study results stress other research findings that violence against pregnant Mexican women is still common