PENGARUH KONSENTRASI DEKSTRIN DAN pH TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK SERBUK PEWARNA HIJAU ALAMI DARI DAUN KATUK (Sauropus androgynous L. Merr) DENGAN METODE FOAM-MAT DRYING

This study aimed to determine the interaction between dextrin concentration and pH on the characteristics of a natural green dye powder from leaves of katuk foam-mat drying method. The experimental design used was a randomized block design (RAK) with a 3x3 factorial design with repetition as much as 3 times. The factors used is dextrin concentration (D) of 3 levels (d1 = 10%, d2 = 12.5%, 15%) and pH (P) (p1 = 7, p2 = 8, p3 = 9). The response in this study is the water content (%), chlorophyll content (%), organoleptic color and flavor. Best formulations in the preliminary study is a comparison katuk leaves and water is 1: 1. The products chosen on primary research by chemical response moisture content and chlorophyll content, and according to the response organoleptic based on attributes of color and flavor is a powder dye natural green of the leaf katuk with treatment d1p1 (d1 dextrin concentration of 10%, p1 pH 7). Keywords : Natural Dyes, Leaf Katuk, and Chlorophyll

Closed-Loop Control of a Multifunctional Myoelectric Prosthesis With Full-State Anatomically Congruent Electrotactile Feedback

Publisher Copyright: © 2001-2011 IEEE.State-of-the-art myoelectric hand prostheses provide multi-functional control but lack somatosensory feedback. To accommodate the full functionality of a dexterous prosthesis, the artificial sensory feedback needs to convey several degrees of freedom (DoF) simultaneously. However, this is a challenge with current methods as they are characterized by a low information bandwidth. In this study, we leverage the flexibility of a recently developed system for simultaneous electrotactile stimulation and electromyography (EMG) recording to present the first solution for closed-loop myoelectric control of a multifunctional prosthesis with full-state anatomically congruent electrotactile feedback. The novel feedback scheme (coupled encoding) conveyed proprioceptive (hand aperture, wrist rotation) and exteroceptive information (grasping force). The coupled encoding was compared to the conventional approach (sectorized encoding) and incidental feedback in 10 non-disabled and one amputee participant who used the system to perform a functional task. The results showed that both feedback approaches increased the accuracy of position control compared to incidental feedback. However, the feedback increased completion time, and it did not significantly improve grasping force control. Importantly, the performance of the coupled feedback was not significantly different compared to the conventional scheme, despite the latter being easier to learn during training. Overall, the results indicate that the developed feedback can improve prosthesis control across multiple DoFs but they also highlight the subjects' ability to exploit minimal incidental information. Importantly, the current setup is the first to convey three feedback variables simultaneously using electrotactile stimulation while providing multi-DoF myoelectric control with all hardware components mounted on the same forearm.Peer reviewe

Impact of Shared Control Modalities on Performance and Usability of Semi-autonomous Prostheses

Semi-autonomous (SA) control of upper-limb prostheses can improve the performance and decrease the cognitive burden of a user. In this approach, a prosthesis is equipped with additional sensors (e.g., computer vision) that provide contextual information and enable the system to accomplish some tasks automatically. Autonomous control is fused with a volitional input of a user to compute the commands that are sent to the prosthesis. Although several promising prototypes demonstrating the potential of this approach have been presented, methods to integrate the two control streams (i.e., autonomous and volitional) have not been systematically investigated. In the present study, we implemented three shared control modalities (i.e., sequential, simultaneous, and continuous) and compared their performance, as well as the cognitive and physical burdens imposed on the user. In the sequential approach, the volitional input disabled the autonomous control. In the simultaneous approach, the volitional input to a specific degree of freedom (DoF) activated autonomous control of other DoFs, whereas in the continuous approach, autonomous control was always active except for the DoFs controlled by the user. The experiment was conducted in ten able-bodied subjects, and these subjects used an SA prosthesis to perform reach-and-grasp tasks while reacting to audio cues (dual tasking). The results demonstrated that, compared to the manual baseline (volitional control only), all three SA modalities accomplished the task in a shorter time and resulted in less volitional control input. The simultaneous SA modality performed worse than the sequential and continuous SA approaches. When systematic errors were introduced in the autonomous controller to generate a mismatch between the goals of the user and controller, the performance of SA modalities substantially decreased, even below the manual baseline. The sequential SA scheme was the least impacted one in terms of errors. The present study demonstrates that a specific approach for integrating volitional and autonomous control is indeed an important factor that significantly affects the performance and physical and cognitive load, and therefore these should be considered when designing SA prostheses

Childhood growth outcomes 2 years after hypertensive versus normotensive pregnancy: a P4 study

Background: Intrauterine exposure to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE), may influence infant growth and have long-term health implications. This study aimed to compare growth outcomes of infants exposed to a normotensive pregnancy (NTP), GH, or PE from birth to 2 years. Methods: Infants were children of women enroled in the prospective Postpartum Physiology, Psychology and Paediatric (P4) cohort study who had NTP, GH or PE. Birth, 6-month (age-corrected) and 2-year (age-corrected) weight z-scores, change in weight z-scores, rapid weight gain (≥0.67 increase in weight z-score) and conditional weight gain z-scores were calculated to assess infant growth (NTP = 240, GH = 19, PE = 66). Results: Infants exposed to PE compared to NTP or GH had significantly lower birth weight and length z-scores, but there were no differences in growth outcomes at 6 months or 2 years. GH and PE-exposed infants had significantly greater weight z-score gain [95% CI] (PE = 0.93 [0.66–1.18], GH = 1.03 [0.37–1.68], NTP = 0.45 [0.31–0.58], p < 0.01) and rapid weight gain (GH = 63%, PE = 59%, NTP = 42%, p = 0.02) from birth to 2 years, which remained significant for PE-exposed infants after confounder adjustment. Conclusion: In this cohort, GH and PE were associated with accelerated infant weight gain that may increase future cardiometabolic disease risk. Impact: Preeclampsia exposed infants were smaller at birth, compared with normotensive pregnancy and gestational hypertension exposed infants, but caught up in growth by 2 years of age.Both preeclampsia and gestational hypertension exposed infants had significantly accelerated weight gain from birth to 2 years, which remained significant for preeclampsia exposed infants after adjustment for confounders including small for gestational age.Monitoring of growth patterns in infants born following exposure to a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy may be indicated to prevent accelerated weight gain trajectories and obesity

A compact system for simultaneous stimulation and recording for closed-loop myoelectric control

Background.Despite important advancements in control and mechatronics of myoelectric prostheses, the communication between the user and his/her bionic limb is still unidirectional, as these systems do not provide somatosensory feedback. Electrotactile stimulation is an attractive technology to close the control loop since it allows flexible modulation of multiple parameters and compact interface design via multi-pad electrodes. However, the stimulation interferes with the recording of myoelectric signals and this can be detrimental to control.The work in this study was supported by the project ROBIN (8022-00243A and 8022-00226B) funded by the Independent Research Fund Denmark

Growth from birth to 6 months of infants with and without intrauterine preeclampsia exposure

Intrauterine preeclampsia exposure affects the lifelong cardiometabolic health of the child. Our study aimed to compare the growth (from birth to 6 months) of infants exposed to either a normotensive pregnancy or preeclampsia and explore the influence of being born small for gestational age (SGA). Participants were children of women participating in the Post-partum, Physiology, Psychology and Paediatric follow-up cohort study. Birth and 6-month weight and length z-scores were calculated for term and preterm (<37 weeks) babies, and change in weight z-score, rapid weight gain (≥0.67 increase in weight z-score) and conditional weight gain z-score were calculated. Compared with normotensive exposed infants (n = 298), preeclampsia exposed infants (n = 84) were more likely to be born SGA (7% versus 23%; P < 0.001), but weight gain from birth to 6 months, by any measure, did not differ between groups. Infants born SGA, irrespective of pregnancy exposure, were more likely to have rapid weight gain and had greater increases in weight z-score compared with those not born SGA. Preeclampsia exposed infants born SGA may benefit from interventions designed to prevent future cardiometabolic disease

KAJIAN PENGARUH JENIS DAN KONSENTRASI TEPUNG DIMODIFIKASI AUTOCLAVING-COOLING CYCLE TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BROWNIES UBI JALAR UNGU (NON-GANDUM)

Ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap konsumsi gandum masih sangat tinggi. Padahal, negara Indonesia mempunyai kekayaan alam yang melimpah terutama pada jenis tanaman pangan lokal umbi-umbian. Konsumsi umbi-umbian tidak hanya dapat mengatasi permasalahan impor terigu, tetapi juga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan zat gizi masyarakat dan memiliki nilai fungsional yang bermanfaat untuk menjaga kesehatan. Khususnya serat pangan dan antioksidan. Tingkat pemanfaatan modifikasi Autoclaving-Cooling Cycle pun sangat rendah, padahal modifikasi ini memberikan keuntungan dapat meningkatkan kadar pati resisten dan menurunkan daya cerna pati. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh jenis dan konsentrasi tepung dimodifikasi AutoclavingCooling Cycle terhadap brownies ubi jalar ungu. Penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi dua tahap yaitu penelitian pendahuluan yang bertujuan untuk preparasi dan analisis bahan baku. Selanjutnya, tahap kedua mempelajari adanya pengaruh jenis dan konsentrasi tepung dimodifikasi terhadap brownies ubi jalar ungu. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, menggunakan analisis ragam ANOVA (Analysis Of Varian) didapatkan bahwa jenis dan konsentrasi tepung dimodifikasi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap warna, overall, kadar air, kekerasan, kelengketan dan kohesivitas brownies ubi jalar ungu. Sedangkan untuk aroma, rasa, dan kadar pati berpengaruh nyata. Penentuan sampel terbaik dilakukan menggunakan metode skoring. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sampel a2b2 yaitu penambahan tepung ubi jalar dimodifikasi sebanyak 6% memberikan skor tertinggi diantara sampel lainnya. Sampel terbaik memiliki kadar air sebesar 16.21%. kadar abu sebesar 1,28%, kadar protein sebesaar 3,53%, kadar lemak sebesar 29.42%, dan kadar karbohidrat sebesar 49.56%

A Novel Method for Vibrotactile Proprioceptive Feedback Using Spatial Encoding and Gaussian Interpolation

Objective: The bidirectional communication between the user and the prosthesis is an important requirement when developing prosthetic hands. Proprioceptive feedback is fundamental to perceiving prosthesis movement without the need for constant visual attention. We propose a novel solution to encode wrist rotation using a vibromotor array and Gaussian interpolation of vibration intensity. The approach generates tactile sensation that smoothly rotates around the forearm congruently with prosthetic wrist rotation. The performance of this scheme was systematically assessed for a range of parameter values (number of motors and Gaussian standard deviation). Methods: Fifteen able-bodied subjects and one individual with congenital limb deficiency used vibrational feedback to control the virtual hand in the target-achievement test. Performance was assessed by end-point error and efficiency as well as subjective impressions. Results: The results showed a preference for smooth feedback and a higher number of motors (8 and 6 versus 4). With 8 and 6 motors, the standard deviation, determining the sensation spread and continuity, could be modulated through a broad range of values (0.1 - 2) without a significant performance loss (error: ∼ 10%; efficiency: ∼ 30%). For low values of standard deviation (0.1-0.5), the number of motors could be reduced to 4 without a significant performance decrease. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the developed strategy provided meaningful rotation feedback. Moreover, the Gaussian standard deviation can be used as an independent parameter to encode an additional feedback variable. Significance: The proposed method is a flexible and effective approach to providing proprioceptive feedback while adjusting the trade-off between sensation quality and the number of vibromotors

A hierarchical sensorimotor control framework for human-in-the-loop robotic hands.

Human manual dexterity relies critically on touch. Robotic and prosthetic hands are much less dexterous and make little use of the many tactile sensors available. We propose a framework modeled on the hierarchical sensorimotor controllers of the nervous system to link sensing to action in human-in-the-loop, haptically enabled, artificial hands

EVALUASI KESESUAIAN FUNGSI KAWASAN PADA DAERAH RAWAN BANJIR DI KABUPATEN SERANG

ABSTRAK Berdasakan Peraturan Presiden No. 12 Tahun 2012 tentang Penetapan Wilayah Sungai, wilayah Sungai Cidanau – Ciujung – Cidurian ditetapkan sebagai wilayah Sungai lintas provinsi (meliputi Sebagian wilayah Provinsi Banten dan Jawa Barat). Kabupaten Serang di lalui oleh ketiga Sungai tersebut serta disebutkan juga bahwa daerah rawan banjir di Kabupaten Serang berada di Kawasan sekitar DAS Ciujung, meliputi Kecamatan Kragilan, Kecamatan Kibin, Kecamatan Bandung, Kecamatan Cikeusal, Kecamatan Pamarayan, Kecamatan Tanjung Teja, Kecamatan Pontang, Kecamatan Tirtayasa dan Kecamatan Tanara Adapun permasalahn lain di wilayah 3Ci ini adalah deforestasi dan penggarapan lahan yang terus menerus merambah kawasan hutan setiap tahunnya, Sungai untuk pemukiman, pembangunan perumahan di dataran banjir, pendangkalan/sedimentasi saluran sungai dan saluran drainase. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode analisis overlay. Untuk mengidentifikasi hasil kesesuaian terhadap penggunaan lahan pada daerah rawan banjir di Kabupaten Serang. Hasil fungsi kawasan pada daerah rawan banjir di Kabupaten Serang di dominasi oleh kawasan budidaya seluas fungsi kawasan budidaya seluas 20.826.38 Ha atau seluas 62% dari total keseluruhan kawasan sementara itu untuk kawasan lindung seluas 12681.73 Ha atau seluas 38% dari total keseluruhan kawasan. Sementara itu untuk ketidaksesuaian fungsi yang terjadi pada daerah rawan banjir di Kabuapaten Serang telah di buktikan dari cukup luasnya ketidaksesuaian fungsi lindung dengan total luasan seluas 5.872.71 Ha atau 54% dari total keseluruhan kawasan lindung di karenakan adanya penggunaan lahan sawah dengan luasan 4.523 Ha atau seluas 38% dari total luasan kawasan lindung. Maka dari itu, penggunaaan lahan harus di sesuaikan dengan fungsi kawasan guna menciptakan keselarasan pada daerah aliran sungai seperti melakukan pembatasan pada daerah yang memiliki kerawanan banjir tinggi, pembatasan pada daerah sempadan sungai serta pemberian intensif dan disintensif pada kawasan lindung yang berubah menjadi budidaya. Kata Kunci : Fungsi Kawasan, banjir, Daerah Aliran sungai